JAMA Neurology : 新型抗癫痫药物,是否增加患者自杀风险?

2021-08-30 Freeman MedSci原创

目前没有证据表明本研究中评估的5种ASMs会增加癫痫病人的自杀性并值得发出自杀性等级警告。

 

2008年,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)发出警报,称抗癫痫药物(ASMs)会增加自杀率,其依据是对199项随机安慰剂对照临床试验的荟萃分析,其中包括11种ASMs:卡马西平、费尔巴美特、加巴喷丁、拉莫三嗪、左乙拉西坦、奥卡西平、普瑞巴林、噻加宾、托吡酯、丙戊酸钠和唑尼沙胺。 在43 892名接受癫痫(试验的31%)、精神疾病(28%)和其他疾病(主要是疼痛,41%)治疗的患者中,与安慰剂相比,ASMs的自杀率增加了1.80倍。在癫痫患者中,使用ASM治疗的自杀率为千分之三点三,而使用安慰剂的自杀率为千分之一点二,风险差异为千分之二点一。美国食品和药物管理局咨询委员会的结论是,所有ASMs "构成了自杀风险的增加(定义为自杀意念和行为),并且处方应附有描述这种风险的病人用药指南。" 随后批准的ASMs被要求有自杀的警告。


美国FDA的建议极大地影响了新ASM的处方和开发,自杀性被突出地列在与ASM有关的不良事件中。强制规定的自杀警告可能会影响患者服用ASM的意愿,可能会降低依从性,这是癫痫复发的一个主要驱动因素,与伤害和死亡的风险增加有关。这也影响了ASM的研究性试验设计。


这些建议存在方法上的局限性,包括(1)异质性和回顾性地收集自杀数据,没有标准化的自杀定义;(2)事后分析没有预先指定的结果措施。(3)将所有的ASMs归为一类,尽管它们的风险各不相同,包括11种药物中的7种在统计学上无意义的增加,11种药物中的2种在统计学上无意义的减少;(4)将单药治疗和辅助治疗的试验相结合;(5)不同疾病适应症的试验具有不同的自杀风险;以及(6)未考虑基线自杀风险,这可能在不同研究、疾病和药物中有所不同。


与普通人群相比,癫痫患者的抑郁症和自杀率增加,特别是在未受控制的癫痫发作的患者。这些警告表明,可归因于治疗本身的额外风险。自2008年以来,FDA已经批准了10种新分子ASMs:拉科萨姆(2010年)、瑞替加宾/艾司加宾(2011年)、氯巴占(2011年)、培南(2012年)、艾司卡西平(2013年)、布里瓦西坦(2016年)、依维莫司(2016年)、大麻酚/Epidiolex(Greenwich Biosciences; 2018年)、塞诺巴米特(2019年)和芬氟拉明(2020年)。Stiripentol在2018年的批准是基于早期的欧洲数据。

此外,咪达唑仑和地西泮的新剂型(鼻腔内Nayzilam[UCB]和Valtoco[Neurelis])也获得批准。美国FDA规定,除一种新药外,所有新药都要有自杀警告,但没有一种是2008年研究的一部分。自杀警告在拉科萨姆、哌拉帕尼、埃斯利卡西平和布里瓦拉西坦的处方信息的警告和预防措施部分占首位,尽管没有证据支持。

自2008年以来,关键的ASM癫痫试验对自杀性进行了前瞻性评估,并且自2011年以来,包括了有效的哥伦比亚自杀性严重程度评分表(C-SSRS)。

藉此,纽约大学的Pavel Klein等人,回顾了所有随机、安慰剂对照的新ASMs 2期和3期研究,以比较接受ASMs治疗与接受安慰剂治疗的患者的自杀率,以确定这些药物是否与自杀风险的增加有关。他们将分析局限于癫痫研究,以避免潜在的混杂因素,如不同疾病之间自杀风险的可能差异。

他们排除了没有评估自杀性的研究(依维莫司和芬氟拉明)或没有对其进行前瞻性评估的研究(拉科萨姆、依索加宾和氯巴占)。并分析了5种药物:艾司卡西平、哌拉帕尼、布里瓦西坦、大麻二酚和塞诺巴姆特。

在这些药物的17个随机临床试验中评估了自杀性,涉及5996名患者,其中4000名患者接受ASMs治疗,1996名患者接受安慰剂治疗。

没有证据表明自杀意念(药物与安慰剂的总风险比,0.75;95%CI,0.35-1.60)或自杀未遂(风险比,0.75;95%CI,0.30-1.87)的总体风险或任何个别药物的风险增加。

在接受ASMs治疗的4000名患者中,有12人发生了自杀意念(0.30%),而接受安慰剂治疗的1996名患者中,有7人发生了自杀意念(0.35%)(P=0.74)。3名接受ASMs治疗的病人和没有接受安慰剂治疗的病人试图自杀(P = .22)。没有完成的自杀事件。

这个meta分析的重要意义,在于发现了:目前没有证据表明本研究中评估的5种ASMs会增加癫痫病人的自杀性并值得发出自杀性等级警告。


原文出处:
Klein P, Devinsky O, French J, et al. Suicidality Risk of Newer Antiseizure Medications: A Meta-analysis. JAMA Neurol. Published online August 2, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2480

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    2022-07-23 yinhl1978
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    2021-09-19 1487042cm12暂无昵称

    学习

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  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2001454, encodeId=f1892001454c6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d5df12695e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Neurol#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=48, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12695, encryptionId=d5df12695e6, topicName=Neurol)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=8217292, createdName=yinhl1978, createdTime=Sat Jul 23 10:45:31 CST 2022, time=2022-07-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1716069, encodeId=d6f11e1606972, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a4175555e85' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗癫痫#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=53, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55557, encryptionId=a4175555e85, topicName=抗癫痫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=695a32117432, createdName=shuangle, createdTime=Mon Jul 18 06:45:31 CST 2022, time=2022-07-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2039825, encodeId=ee68203982585, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3fdb5823386' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#新型抗癫痫药#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=57, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=58233, encryptionId=3fdb5823386, topicName=新型抗癫痫药)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=b79433, createdName=fangcong, createdTime=Wed Mar 16 05:45:31 CST 2022, time=2022-03-16, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1776649, encodeId=d2a91e76649de, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=457f8622190' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自杀风险#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=59, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86221, encryptionId=457f8622190, topicName=自杀风险)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=65df38986519, createdName=Eleven24, createdTime=Sat Mar 26 13:45:31 CST 2022, time=2022-03-26, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053009, encodeId=804a10530095a, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=61, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=58c55294961, createdName=1487042cm12暂无昵称, createdTime=Sun Sep 19 12:20:36 CST 2021, time=2021-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1414719, encodeId=e4231414e19ca, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=94a85555919' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#抗癫痫药物#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=52, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=55559, encryptionId=94a85555919, topicName=抗癫痫药物)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=05ca3082114, createdName=mgqwxj, createdTime=Wed Sep 01 20:45:31 CST 2021, time=2021-09-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1013101, encodeId=a3b810131018b, content=学习学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=71, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20210901/969603a2377544169c0528539edd5ab7/50bbe992202d43569f6cc40d89829e36.jpg, createdBy=b54c5537441, createdName=智慧药, createdTime=Tue Aug 31 09:16:22 CST 2021, time=2021-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036810, encodeId=e2591036810f2, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=66, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Tue Aug 31 08:45:31 CST 2021, time=2021-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1013079, encodeId=d9f810130e91c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=09f0e1554e6' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#癫痫#</a>后面仍然需要meta分析进一步验证这个结果才可以! 仅仅单篇研究,哪怕样本量很大,也不一定能说明问题的。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=133, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=71554, encryptionId=09f0e1554e6, topicName=癫痫)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Tue Aug 31 08:44:41 CST 2021, time=2021-08-31, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-08-31 智慧药

    学习学习

    0

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    2021-08-31 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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    2021-08-31 病毒猎手

    #癫痫#后面仍然需要meta分析进一步验证这个结果才可以! 仅仅单篇研究,哪怕样本量很大,也不一定能说明问题的。

    0

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在一种常见疾病中,疾病生物学(癫痫发作)和特质易感性(精神分裂症)相互作用产生了特定结果(发作后精神病)。

 Cell Reports:在严重癫痫发作后,小胶质细胞不仅清除碎片,而且还愈合受损的树突

常见的预防癫痫药物对大约三分之一的癫痫患者无效,因此非常需要针对此类脑损伤的新的更好的治疗方法。癫痫发作是癫痫最明显的表现。在小鼠癫痫发作的临床前模型中,长时间的癫痫发作会导致树突损伤。并严重损害神经

Neurology-万人随访10年:晚发性癫痫,死亡率比无癫痫者死亡率更高

Neurology-万人随访10年:晚发性癫痫,死亡率比无癫痫者死亡率更高

京新药业与韩国B-PS公司达成合作,引进癫痫First in Class创新药

8月26日,浙江京新药业股份有限公司(以下简称“京新药业”)与韩国Bio-Pharm Solutions Co. Ltd.(以下简称“B-PS公司”)签

Ann Neurol.-浙江中医药大学新发现:抗癫痫治疗,耐药性的新机制

浙江中医药大学新发现:抗癫痫治疗,耐药性的新机制

梳理那些可以治疗癫痫的中药

中草药治疗癫痫的历史悠久。由于西方抗癫痫治疗的副作用以及对更容易获得的治疗的追求,补充和替代药物变得流行。一些中草药已被证明具有抗癫痫作用,不同草药的联合使用通过各种机制发挥抗惊厥作用。

拓展阅读

【热点解读分享】儿童癫痫急性发作院外管理的最佳证据总结

本研究总结了儿童癫痫急性发作院外管理的最佳证据,可为本土化儿童院外惊厥急性发作行动计划制定提供参考,为医护人员开展儿童癫痫急性发作院外管理健康教育提供循证依据。

JAMA子刊:患有癫痫的母亲在妊娠期间使用抗癫痫药物,会不会提高其后代发生癫痫的风险?

孕期母亲使用ASM可能不会增加儿童的癫痫风险,超出与母亲癫痫本身相关的风险。这些发现对于需要在孕期接受ASM治疗的女性来说是令人放心的。

Cell Discov:再添好处!复旦大学赵世民团队发现生酮饮食可以减轻/减少癫痫发作

该研究报告了KD产生的β-羟基丁酸(BHB)通过增加脑γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和GABA/谷氨酸比值以抑制癫痫。

Neurology病例:见于视觉障碍儿童的针状枕部棘波

我们报道1例患有双侧视神经发育不良和皮质视觉障碍的8岁男孩,伴ASTN1(OMIM#600904)突变。出于筛查目的行脑电图检查,本身没有癫痫发作/癫痫病史。脑电图可见缺乏后头部优势节律(poster

BMJ Neurology:儿科急性癫痫发作患者的临床特征和预后: 坦桑尼亚一家三级医院城市急诊科的前瞻性队列研究 

本研究结果显示儿童癫痫发作的发生率高于高收入国家和其他低收入和中等收入国家的报告。病情敏感度高,死亡率为16.7% 。发热、精神状态改变、缺氧、钾水平异常和脑膜炎诊断与死亡风险较高有关。

抗LGI1相关脑炎:面臂肌张力障碍发作 (FBDS)

面臂肌张力障碍发作是新近描述的癫痫类型,被认为与 LGI1 抗体介导的边缘性脑炎有关,LGI1 与脑的电压门控钾离子通道复合体有关。

2024 欧洲共识声明:原发性线粒体疾病患者癫痫的管理

国外神经内科相关专家小组(统称) · 2024-04-04