npj Vaccines:mRNA疫苗再获新突破,可对疟疾产生全面保护

2021-06-21 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2020年底,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了两款mRNA疫苗用于预防新冠肺炎(COVID-19),实际上,早在COVID-19大流行之前,mRNA疫苗就以其独特的优势吸引了大量制药公司参与研发。

2020年底,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准了两款mRNA疫苗用于预防新冠肺炎(COVID-19),实际上,早在COVID-19大流行之前,mRNA疫苗就以其独特的优势吸引了大量制药公司参与研发。而如今,mRNA疫苗在新冠领域的成功极大地刺激和推动了mRNA技术的发展和扩张。

mRNA疫苗,即是将编码某种病毒抗原蛋白的mRNA直接导入到动物的体细胞内,并通过宿主细胞的翻译系统合成相应的抗原蛋白,进而诱导宿主产生对该抗原蛋白的免疫应答,以达到预防和治疗病毒感染的目的。

近年来,mRNA疫苗以极为惊人的速度在迅速发展,目前不仅存在多种SARS-CoV-2的mRNA疫苗,针对狂犬病、寨卡病毒等传染病、癌症,以及自身免疫病的mRNA疫苗正在进行临床试验。

2021年6月18日,美国多家研究机构与 Acuitas Therapeutics 合作,在 Nature 旗下期刊 npj Vaccines 发表了题为:Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice 的研究论文。

该研究开发了一种基于 mRNA 技术的新型疫苗,可在小鼠模型中预防疟疾。

疟疾是由恶性疟原虫在人红细胞内不断增殖引起的,主要通过蚊子叮咬传播,疟疾长期在非洲、亚洲南部和南美洲等热带发展中国家中肆虐,造成了极大的人员伤亡和经济损失。青蒿素及其衍生物的发现和使用,挽救了上千万人的生命,屠呦呦也因此荣获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。

然而,疟疾仍然是全世界范围内的面临的主要公共卫生问题,全世界有89个国家中将近32亿人有感染疟疾的危险,这几乎占到全世界人口的一半,每年记录在案的疟疾感染病例超过2亿,死亡人数达40万,其中大多数是儿童。

近几十年来,科学家一直致力于研发抗疟疾疫苗,希望从根本上消灭疟疾,构建无疟疾世界,但这些努力并没有获得良好的结果。

之前的疟疾疫苗的局限性促使科学家们开发基于新平台的疟疾疫苗。mRNA疫苗在新冠领域的成功,凸显了mRNA技术平台的巨大优势:高靶向性设计、灵活和快速的制造、强大免疫反应能力。因此研究团队开始探索基于mRNA技术的疟疾疫苗。

与之前的疟疾疫苗一样,该mRNA疫苗同样通过恶性疟原虫的环子孢子蛋白(pfCSP)来引发免疫反应,这是疟原虫侵袭阶段的免疫显性外壳蛋白。

像mRNA新冠疫苗一样,研究团队使用纳米脂质颗粒(LNP)包裹环子孢子蛋白(pfCSP)的mRNA,以防止其过早降解。递送进体内后,mRNA在细胞内编码环子孢子蛋白质,这些蛋白随后触发身体针对疟疾的保护性反应。

接下来,研究团队在小鼠模型上进行了试验,试验结果表明,接种该mRNA疫苗后的小鼠能够有效抵抗疟疾感染,表明该mRNA疟疾疫苗实现了对疟疾感染的高水平保护。这也为基于mRNA技术平台的疟疾疫苗研发奠定了基础。

该实验性mRNA疫苗由 Acuitas Therapeutics 开发,该公司于2009年成立于加拿大温哥华,致力于研发脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)、mRNA疗法,以及核酸疗法的细胞内递送等等,通过与多家制药公司和科研机构合作,将核酸疗法推向临床和市场。

原始出处:

Mallory, K.L., Taylor, J.A., Zou, X. et al. Messenger RNA expressing PfCSP induces functional, protective immune responses against malaria in mice. npj Vaccines 6, 84 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41541-021-00345-0.

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    2021-06-22 星柔

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