Diabetologia:闪光监测仪与1型糖尿病患者糖化血红蛋白水平和DKA率的改善相关

2021-10-18 从医路漫漫 MedSci原创

我们评估了闪光监测仪(FM)的使用对苏格兰1型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平、糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)和严重住院低血糖(SHH)发生率的现实影响

目的/假设:我们评估了闪光监测仪(FM)的使用对苏格兰1型糖尿病患者的糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)水平、糖尿病酮症酸中毒(DKA)和严重住院低血糖(SHH)发生率的现实影响,以及该人群中不同社会人口阶层的严重低血糖发生率。

方法:本研究采用回顾性、观察性和登记性研究,使用国家糖尿病登记,找到了在2014年至2020年年中的任何时候使用FM的14682人。FM开始后,HbA1c从基线开始的人体内变化使用线性混合模型模拟,该模型也考虑了人体暴露前的轨迹。DKA和SHH事件是通过与住院和死亡数据获得的。使用泊松似然的广义线性混合模型,在患者中评估了使用FM和未使用FM的DKA和SHH比率的差异。在敏感性分析中,我们测试了在同一时间段内,年龄、性别和基线HbA1c匹配的未使用FM中是否观察到这些结果的变化。

结果:到2020年年中,曾经使用FM的比例为45.9%,年龄和社会经济地位有很大差异:13岁以下儿童占64.3%,≥65岁占32.7%;最贫穷的5分位数分别为54.4%和36.2%。总体而言,在FM开始后的第二年,糖化血红蛋白的人体内变化的中位数是−2.5(−9.0,2.5)mmol/mol(−0.2[−0.8,0.2]%)。用前HbA1c变化较大:−15.5(−31.0,−4.0)mmol/mol(−1.4[−2.8,−0.4]%),HbA1c>84 mol/m ol[9.8%]和1.0(−2.0,5.5)mol/m ol(0.1[−0.2,0.5]%),HbA1c<5 4 mol/mol(7.1%);相应的估计变化(95%CI)分别为0.77(0.76,0.78)和1.08(1.07,1.09)。在所有年龄段、性别和社会经济阶层中都发现糖化血红蛋白显著降低,无论以前还是现在是否使用注射制剂,是否完成糖尿病教育计划或早期采用FM。除不同HbA1c基线所驱动的因素外,这些因素的层间差异很小。糖化血红蛋白配对的未使用者在同一时间段内没有观察到变化(人体内变化的中位数为0.5[IQR][−5.0,5.5]mol/m ol[0.0(−0.5,0.5)%])。除青少年外,总体和各阶层的DKA率在FM启动后均有下降。与FM开始前相比,FM后DKA事件发生率(比率)的估计总体下降为0.59[95%可信区间(CRI)0.53,0.64],说明了暴露前的趋势。最后,在SHH的高危人群中,FM后与FM开始前相比,事件发生率降低的估计比率为0.25(95%CRI为0.20,0.32)。

图1 与HbA1中的基线相比,暴露于FM和未暴露于FM的HbA1覆盖时间从FM开始的人体内变化。数据为中位数(IQR)。BEF.,在FM开始之前;之后,FM开始之后。两条垂直线表示基线

图2 FM开始后第一年内HbA1c的估计倍数变化(95%CI),与暴露前水平相比,根据暴露前趋势、基线HbA1c、年龄、性别和糖尿病病程进行调整,并按FM启动时的年龄段(A)、性别(B)、SIMD五分位数(C)、以前使用过的泵(D)、以前完成糖尿病教育计划的状态(E)和早期采用者的状态(F)进行分层

图3 FM使用者在FM开始前后的粗DKA事件发生率(95%CI),按基线HbA1c开始(A)、FM开始年龄(B)、性别(C)、SIMD五分位数(D)、以前使用过泵(E)、以前完成糖尿病教育计划状态(F)和早期采用者状态(G)分层。Py,人/年

结论/解释:FM启动与临床上重要的HbA1c降低和DKA率显著降低相关。在社会经济上处于不利地位的人群中,让越来越多的人参与进来,为缩小目前与血糖相关的结果的社会经济差距提供了相当大的潜力。

原文出处:

Jeyam A,  Gibb FW,  McKnight JA,et al.Flash monitor initiation is associated with improvements in HbA levels and DKA rates among people with type 1 diabetes in Scotland: a retrospective nationwide observational study.Diabetologia 2021 Oct 07

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高HbA1c并不能减少夜间低血糖的发生,而低HbA1c与最高的TIR无关。