medRxiv:新冠Delta变体为何传播如此迅猛?我国学者发现其病毒载量暴增1000倍,潜伏期缩短

2021-07-29 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2021年7月23日,广东省疾控中心陆靖等人在预印本网站 medRxiv 发表了题为:Viral infection and Transmission in a large well-traced o

新冠病毒(SARS-CoV-2)导致的肺炎疫情自2020年初大规模爆发以来,已经导致了全世界近2亿人感染,超过410万人死亡。

目前,全世界许多国家和地区的新冠感染人数仍在快速增长。随着新冠病毒的广泛传播,越来越多的新冠病毒突变株开始出现,其中许多突变株出现传播性增强、免疫逃逸增强的现象。尤其是在印度被发现的Delta突变株。

自2020年底首次在印度被发现以来,Delta突变株已成为现在全世界大部分地区的主要毒株。Delta突变株为何能如此“成功”,传播速度如此之快?

为了找到这个问题的答案,广东省疾病预防控制中心流行病学专家陆靖带领团队追踪了中国大陆第一批Delta突变株感染者,他们是2021年5月份广东出现的新冠疫情的首批感染者,感染的均为Delta突变株,研究团队每天检测他们的病毒载量,然后与2020年感染新冠病毒原始株的人进行了比较。

2021年7月23日,广东省疾控中心陆靖等人在预印本网站 medRxiv 发表了题为:Viral infection and Transmission in a large well-traced outbreak caused by the Delta SARS-CoV-2 variant 的论文。

通过比较,研究团队发现,Delta突变株从首次接触到PCR检测阳性平均是4天,而原始株则为6天,说明Delta突变株在人体内的复制速度更快。

而且感染Delta突变株的人体内产生了更多的病毒,病毒载量是感染原始株的1000倍以上,更高的病毒载量使其更容易传播,这也是Delta突变株如此“成功”、得以迅速传播的重要原因。

研究团队报道了中国大陆首例Delta突变株的传播事件,所有的167例感染都可以追溯到同一个感染者。研究团队对所有隔离对象每天进行PCR检测,以记录Delta突变株的病毒载量。

研究团队发现,从接触Delta突变株到PCR阳性之间平均为4天时间,而2020年感染原始株的人则平均为6天。

研究团队进一步发现,感染Delta突变株的患者体内平均病毒载量是2020年感染新冠原始株的患者的1000倍以上。

以上数据表明,感染之后,Delta突变株在人体内复制速度更快,病毒载量更高,因此更容易传播。

对于这项研究,香港大学流行病学家 Benjamin Cowling 表示,更高的病毒载量和更短的潜伏期相结合,可以解释Delta突变株传染性增强的原因。感染者呼吸道中更大量的病毒意味着感染更多人的超级传播事件,并且感染者能够在更早期就开始传播病毒。

目前,关于Delta突变株的许多其他问题仍未得到解答。例如Delta突变株是否比原始株更容易引起严重症状?Delta突变株在逃逸免疫系统方面究竟有多好?各种新冠疫苗对Delta突变株的预防效果究竟如何?这些问题都还需要科学家们的进一步研究发现。

原始出处:

Baisheng Li, Aiping Deng, Kuibiao Li, et al. Viral infection and transmission in a large, well-traced outbreak caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant. medRxiv, 2021.

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    2021-07-28 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

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