解析2017年AACE/ACE糖尿病综合管理共识:强化降脂是大势所趋

2017-08-24 郭艺芳 郭艺芳心前沿

今年内,美国临床内分泌医师协会(AACE)与美国内分泌学会(ACE)先后发布两项指南性文件,分别为“2型糖尿病综合管理共识声明”与“血脂管理和心血管病预防指南”。两项指南性文件均对糖尿病患者的血脂管理做出了新的推荐建议,其中最值得关注的是为2型糖尿病患者的降胆固醇治疗提出了更为严格的控制目标。

今年内,美国临床内分泌医师协会(AACE)与美国内分泌学会(ACE)先后发布两项指南性文件,分别为“2型糖尿病综合管理共识声明”与“血脂管理和心血管预防指南”。两项指南性文件均对糖尿病患者的血脂管理做出了新的推荐建议,其中最值得关注的是为2型糖尿病患者的降胆固醇治疗提出了更为严格的控制目标。

两项新指南均以心血管危险分层为基础,将2型糖尿病患者分为极度高危、很高危、高危、中度危险与低危,并为不同危险分层的患者推荐了相应的低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)目标值。新指南提出了“极度危险(Extreme Risk)”的新分层,建议将此类患者的LDL-C控制在1.4 mmol/L以下。“极度危险”患者包括:(1)LDL-C达标(<1.8mmol/L)后ASCVD病情仍不稳定者;(2)确诊临床型动脉粥样硬化性心血管病并伴糖尿病或3期4期慢性肾病或家 族性高胆固醇血症者。

作出上述推荐建议的主要依据包括:1. IMPROVE-IT研究亚组分析显示,将糖尿病患者LDL-C降至1.4 mmol/L具有更多临床获益;2. FOURIER研究表明,将LDL-C降至0.78 mmol/L可进一步降低主要不良心血管事件风险;3. 荟萃分析发现,当LDL-C<1.3 mmol/L时ASCVD事件风险最低(Boekholdt SM. JACC 2014;64:485)。

根据两项新指南的推荐建议,对于2型糖尿病患者应该予以更为激进的降胆固醇治疗。这是基于新研究结果的新认识,是对胆固醇理论的进一步完善与推进。虽然糖尿病患者可以合并急性高血糖事件、微血管并发症、大血管并发症、周围神经并发症等,但导致死亡或残疾的主要原因是大血管事件(心肌梗死与脑梗死等)。众所周知,动脉粥样硬化病变的形成与加重是大血管事件的病理生理基础,而胆固醇是动脉粥样斑块的主要成分,因而严格控制胆固醇水平对于降低心脑血管疾病风险具有重要意义。因此,对于2型糖尿病患者而言,在合理控制血糖、积极降压治疗、综合管理其他心血管危险因素的前提下,更应该强化胆固醇管理。美国两大指南的新建议体现了糖尿病患者血脂管理的大趋势。

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    2018-02-27 zgwhgch
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    2018-02-12 hongbochen
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    2018-01-17 shanyongle

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