Journal of Neuroscience:最新研究揭示,跑步为什么会有益大脑健康?

2022-05-19 王聪 “生物世界”公众号

经常跑步还有益大脑健康,能够提高大脑中的多巴胺活性,并可能保护神经细胞免受损伤。

生命在于运动,坚持运动有益于身体健康,而这种益处体现在多个方面,例如运动能改善代谢健康,预防心脑血管疾病和糖尿病等。一些研究也表明运动可以降低癌症的发病风险。

此外,经常跑步还有益大脑健康,能够提高大脑中的多巴胺活性,并可能保护神经细胞免受损伤。之前的研究也表明,运动驱动的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)与多巴胺水平的提升及学习和记忆力的改善有关。但到目前为止,运动、BDNF 和多巴胺这三者之间相互作用的确切方式仍不清楚。

2022年5月16日,纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院的研究人员在 Journal of Neuroscience 期刊发表了题为:Voluntary exercise boosts striatal dopamine release: evidence for the necessary and sufficient role of BDNF 的研究论文。

这项最新研究表明,跑步运动会增加促进大脑细胞生长的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF),从而促进让人产生良好感觉、促进学习和记忆的多巴胺的释放。

纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院的研究人员对小鼠进行了研究,研究团队为小鼠提供了可以无限制使用的自由旋转的跑轮或无法旋转的跑轮,让它们在其中跑步或躺平。然后检测它们大脑中的多巴胺释放情况和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平。

他们发现,相比于不运动的小鼠,在跑轮中连续30天跑步的小鼠,其背侧纹状体(大脑中参与运动的部分)的多巴胺释放量增加了40%,脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)增加了近60%。

而且,即使接下来躺平一周,它们的多巴胺水平仍持续保持在高水平。

接下来,研究团队使用另一组基因改造的小鼠进行实验,这些小鼠产生的脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)水平只有正常小鼠的一半,结果显示,这些小鼠跑步不会导致多巴胺释放增加。

研究团队表示,这项研究表明,脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)在跑步对大脑产生的持久影响中发挥着关键作用。这一发现不仅有助于揭示为什么运动会让人的身体、思考和感觉更好,还表明即使是断断续续的运动,这些好处也会持续存在。

研究团队还表示,患有帕金森病或其他运动障碍的患者经常接受模拟多巴胺对运动神经元影响的药物的治疗,但多巴胺在运动对大脑的保护作用中的具体机制尚未得到彻底探索。而这项最新研究有助于理解为什么运动可以减轻帕金森病症状,以及抑郁症等精神疾病的症状。这项研究告诉了我们为什么运动能够增加多巴胺水平,因此可以进一步探索将运动作为帕金森病或其他运动障碍患者的辅助或替代性治疗手段。

原始出处:

Guendalina Bastioli, Jennifer C. Arnold, Maria Mancini, et al. Voluntary exercise boosts striatal dopamine release: evidence for the necessary and sufficient role of BDNF. Journal of Neuroscience 16 May 2022, JN-RM-2273-21; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2273-21.2022.

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    2022-09-16 贵阳
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    2022-05-22 ms2000000544679768

    学习

    0

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    2022-05-19 lsndxfj
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    2022-05-19 jichang
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    2022-05-19 yahu
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