JNNP:生酮饮食治疗复发性多发性硬化症的II期研究,安全性、耐受性和潜在临床益处

2022-05-23 网络 网络

多发性硬化(MS)受遗传和环境因素的影响。饮食摄入影响免疫状况和功能,包括宿主免疫系统的发育、对病原体的保护和免疫反应的维持。因此,研究人员将饮食调整作为影响免疫介导疾病(如MS)的一种方式。生酮饮食

多发性硬化(MS)受遗传和环境因素的影响。饮食摄入影响免疫状况和功能,包括宿主免疫系统的发育、对病原体的保护和免疫反应的维持。因此,研究人员将饮食调整作为影响免疫介导疾病(如MS)的一种方式。生酮饮食(KDs)是模拟营养禁食状态的高脂肪、低碳水化合物、足够蛋白质的饮食。“生酮饮食”一词通常泛指任何降低碳水化合物摄入的饮食;然而,在本文中,将KDs称为促进生物酮症的KDs,可通过血液或尿液可靠测量。KDs有益于神经炎性疾病的假定机制是通过提供更有效的能量来源(即脂肪酸)、减少与代谢应激相关的氧化损伤、增加线粒体生物生成途径和减少促炎细胞因子的产生。

动物研究强调了KDs和禁食饮食广泛的神经保护和治疗特性。kD可能影响脂肪细胞源性细胞因子(脂肪因子),如瘦素和脂联素。脂肪因子是代谢功能、炎症和免疫反应之间的重要联系。对MS患者KDs的研究有限。虽然KDs可能对MS患者有益,但KD严格的营养参数(包括代谢性酸中毒、肾结石、高脂血症和部分营养不良)存在潜在风险。研究组之前在20名复发MS患者队列中进行了一项改良Atkins KD(KDMAD)的初步可行性研究。作为第一步研究,无法确定耐受性或疗效。在该试验的指导下,设计并完成了下一步II期试验,以证明监测的KD在6个月内的耐受性,同时次要评估KD对临床结果和促炎瘦素水平的影响。本文发表在《神经病学,神经外科学和精神病学杂志》上()。

65名年龄在12-55岁之间的复发缓解型MS患者被纳入研究。考虑到MS可影响18岁之前3%-5%的患者,包括22名患有MS的年轻人。大多数MS患儿的年龄在12至16岁之间。因此,他们仍在经历身体习性的成熟变化、与青春期相关的激素变化以及免疫功能的潜在变化。尽管有这些成熟的考虑因素,但将儿科患者纳入研究显然势在必行,数据显示儿童肥胖与多发性硬化症风险之间存在着强烈的相关性,进一步强调了这一点。本研究包括两名儿科受试者(入学时分别为15岁和17岁),占整个研究队列的3%。

                                                                                       研究流程

受试者必须在注册前至少6个月内证明其当前疾病改善治疗(如有)的临床疾病稳定性,且扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)得分为≤6.0,考虑到使用动态测试指标。根据疾病控制中心(CDC)指南,如果受试者患有进展性MS、在过去6个月内患有KD、怀孕/计划怀孕或体重不足,则将其排除在外。对于有可能加重KD病情的共病患者(如高胆固醇血症、肾结石),注册前需要获得主治医生的书面许可。65名复发性MS受试者被纳入为期6个月的前瞻性KD干预治疗。通过每日尿酮试验监测依从性。在基线检查时,除了空腹脂肪因子和MS相关的临床结果指标外,还获得了疲劳、抑郁和生活质量(QoL)得分。在饮食3个月和/或6个月时重复基线指标。

患者报告的结果在基线检查时、饮食3个月和6个月时完成。这些评估包括抑郁(贝克抑郁量表1A(BDI))和疲劳(修正疲劳影响量表(MFIS))评估。在前20名受试者登记后,添加了MS疲劳严重程度量表(MSFSS)和MS生活质量-54(MSQoL-54),因此仅对最后45名受试者进行了测试。在基线检查时、饮食3个月和6个月时完成了空腹血液检查,包括完整的代谢组、胰岛素/血红蛋白A1c、脂质、肉碱、25-羟基维生素D和脂肪因子(瘦素、脂联素)。

                                                                                      患者报告和临床结果从基线检查到6个月的变化

83%的参与者在研究期间坚持KD。受试者的脂肪量显著减少,自我报告的疲劳和抑郁评分下降近50%。饮食使MS-QoL身体健康(67±16 vs 79±12,p<0.001)和心理健康(71±17 vs 82±11,p<0.001)综合得分增加。在扩展残疾状态量表得分(2.3±0.9 vs 1.9±1.1,p<0.001)、6分钟步行(1631±302 vs 1733±330 ft,p<0.001)和九孔Peg试验(21.5±3.6 vs 20.3±3.7)方面有显著改善p<0.001)。血清瘦素较低(25.5±15.7 vs 14.0±11.7 ng/毫升,p<0.001)和脂联素在KD上更高(11.4±7.8 vs 13.5±8.4微克/ml,p=0.002)。

KDMAD对复发性MS患者是一种耐受性良好的饮食干预,可减轻体重,减少疲劳和抑郁,改善生活质量。这项研究的目的不是为了证明疗效,这将需要一个更大的随机对照试验。未来的试验设计需要考虑几个要点,因为在研究MS患者的饮食时存在挑战。KDs提供了客观证据,证明其坚持以家庭为基础的尿液或血液酮症测量方法。虽然饮食干预不容易盲目,但下一步试验应采用随机方法,并关注本研究中强调的有希望的结果指标,包括患者报告的结果(疲劳、情绪障碍、生活质量)和临床结果,如步行速度和精细运动协调。研究结果表明,在第一个月内坚持良好的患者坚持的几率较高,因此未来的试验应包括在干预的第一个月内进行研究访问,以加强坚持。

KDs在6个月的研究期内是安全和可耐受的,可改善复发性MS患者的身体成分、疲劳、抑郁、生活质量、神经功能障碍和脂肪相关炎症。

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    2023-04-25 jml2009
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    2022-05-24 西瓜0628
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    2022-05-23 ms6000000656440728

    静待结果发布

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