STTT:脐带间充质干细胞成功帮助艾滋病患者免疫重建

2021-06-26 干细胞 干细胞

近日,中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心王福生院士团队在 Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 上在线发表了一篇研究论文。该研究发现, 脐带间充质干

近日,中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心王福生院士团队在 Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 上在线发表了一篇研究论文。该研究发现, 脐带间充质干细胞输注治疗“免疫重建不良”的艾滋病患者安全且耐受良好,患者CD4+ T细胞计数的增加有统计学意义。

这一结果为“免疫重建不良”的艾滋病患者这一特殊人群,在联合抗逆转录病毒治疗(ART)的基础上,提供了一种新的潜在治疗手段。

1981年6月5日,艾滋病首次被正式记载。

40年过去了,艾滋病在全球感染约7500万人,近4000万人死于相关疾病。

虽然有2例治愈:“柏林病人”和“伦敦病人”,但这依赖于稀有的特殊造血干细胞捐赠者,艾滋病仍然没有摆脱“不治之症”这一称号。

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我国科学家 陈虎 、邓宏魁、吴昊合作团队曾尝试了基因编辑技术,“人工创造”带抗HIV病毒突变的造血干细胞,治疗一位罹患HIV和急性淋巴细胞白血病的患者,具有重大意义。患者的白血病完全缓解,但带抗HIV病毒突变的供体细胞所占比例小,抗艾滋病效果欠佳。

另一方面,联合抗逆转录病毒治疗取得了显著的临床疗效,却仍然有10-40%的患者CD4+细胞计数不能正常化,不能实现免疫重建,这些患者被称为 免疫无应答者(INR)或 免疫重建不良者 。

与完全免疫重建者相比,此类患者有着更高的发病率和死亡率风险,有必要探索有效的干预措施。

HIV病毒对CD4分子有亲嗜性,进入人体后首先攻击带有CD4分子的细胞。因此,艾滋病患者主要表现为CD4+细胞数量的减少,和CD8+细胞数量的相对增多。

为了解决这个医疗需求,科学家把目光投向了—— 间充质干细胞 

间充质干细胞是来源于中胚层的一种成体干细胞,可以从骨髓、脐带、胎盘、牙髓、脂肪等组织中提取。

同时,间充质干细胞具备支持造血、修复损伤和免疫调节等作用。

尤其是免疫调节作用,使得间充质干细胞在移植物抗宿主病、自身免疫疾病的治疗中,积累了大量有效性及安全性的研究成果。

王福生院士团队2013年发表的一项研究中,7名免疫无应答者接受了脐带间充质干细胞输注治疗。12个月随访时,早期和中枢记忆性CD4+ T细胞增加,T细胞的过度活化被抑制。这一研究似乎表明,脐带间充质干细胞可能通过抑制免疫炎症反应,有利于功能性CD4+ T细胞的恢复。

Trujillo-Rodríguez等研究者2020年发表的一篇研究结果显示,脂肪间充质干细胞输注未能改善免疫无应答者的免疫重建。不过,该研究的受试者也只有5人。

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因此,王福生院士团队进一步开展了一项多中心、随机、双盲、安慰剂对照、剂量确定的II期临床试验。该研究使用脐带间充质干细胞输注治疗,评估了免疫重建不良的艾滋病患者体内CD4+细胞计数的变化。

这项研究共招募100名患者,最终72人入组,并随机分配到高剂量组(1.5×106细胞/kg体重)、低剂量组(0.5×106细胞/kg体重)和对照组(生理盐水)。

图片这些受试者在第0天、第4周、第12周、第24周、第36周和第48周分别接受静脉输注,63人随访至研究终点:第96周。

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结果显示:

  • 脐带间充质干细胞输注安全且耐受性良好

  • 脐带间充质干细胞输注48周后,CD4+ T细胞数量增加有统计学意义

  • 低剂量组优于高剂量组,至少部分改善了患者的免疫重建

研究者认为,这一结果有望为“免疫重建不良”的艾滋病患者这一特殊人群,提供一种新治疗方法。

此前一些研究报道,间充质干细胞的治疗效果表现出显著的剂量依赖性。然而,本次研究中,高剂量组的表现却没有达到预期。

研究者分析,可能与Saether等人发现的高剂量脐带间充质干细胞输注导致的抗炎M2巨噬细胞显著减少,并促进其他细胞分泌促炎细胞因子有关。

不过,本次研究的受试者人数仍然不足,也没有检查治疗次数、治疗间隔和治疗效果之间的关系。同时,本次研究中三组间CD4/CD8 T细胞计数和CD4/CD8比率没有观察到显著变化。

因此,研究者认为:未来还需要进行III期临床试验和相关机制研究,来评估脐带间充质干细胞治疗这类患者的疗效。

原始出处:

Wang, L., Zhang, Z., Xu, R. et al. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transfusion in immune non-responders with AIDS: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Sig Transduct Target Ther 6, 217 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00607-2

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    2022-05-09 病毒猎手

    #间充质干细胞#,这个研究,有点怀疑哦#艾滋病#

    0

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    2021-06-29 独孤立克

    干细胞是热点,但是进入临床仍然需要时间和临床疗效验证哦

    0

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