JAHA:老年ACS患者,不同病程出血和缺血谁破坏力更大?

2019-02-13 王淳 环球医学

2019年1月,意大利学者发表在《J Am Heart Assoc》的一项研究,考察了老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者接受低剂量普拉格雷或氯吡格雷,急性期、亚急性期和晚期缺血性负担和出血性负担为几何,二种药物的表现有何不同。

2019年1月,意大利学者发表在《J Am Heart Assoc》的一项研究,考察了老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者接受低剂量普拉格雷或氯吡格雷,急性期、亚急性期和晚期缺血性负担和出血性负担为几何,二种药物的表现有何不同。

老年ACS患者日益庞大 却被研究者忽视

尽管老年ACS患者至少占到ACS患者总数的1/3,并且接受经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)者日趋增多,但很少有研究专门针对日益庞大的老年患者群体。

此外,老年患者ACS后的缺血率和出血率均较年轻人更高。如果缺血和出血事件的发生高峰在不同的时间段,缺血事件占主导的时间段,可以考虑更强效的抗血小板方案;当出血并发症比缺血并发症更为频繁时,则可以考虑较为温和的治疗方案。但在不同时间段,老年ACS的这些并发症的发生率几何,从未有研究进行调查。

病程的不同阶段 出血和缺血谁更令人捉急?

2019年1月发布的该项研究,在进行PCI的>74岁的ACS患者中,调查了1年内的平均每日缺血率(ADIR)和平均每日出血率(ADBR)。患者来自于Elderly ACS 2研究,并随机分配至低剂量普拉格雷(5mg/天)或氯吡格雷(75mg/天)的组中。

每日缺血率和每日出血率计算方法为事件总数(包括复发事件)除以随访的患者-天数,并在不同的临床阶段进行评估:急性期(0~3天)、亚急性期(4~30天)和晚期(31~365天)。

广义评估方程用于检测每日缺血率和每日出血率成对比较的最小二乘均值差以及比较氯吡格雷vs普拉格雷的作用。


图1 普拉格雷5mg/日(浅蓝色线)vs氯吡格雷75mg/日(橙色线)的平均每日缺血率(ADIRs)


图2 普拉格雷5mg/日(浅蓝色线)vs氯吡格雷75mg/日(橙色线)的平均每日出血率(ADBR)

总体来说,每日缺血率比每日出血率高2.6倍(95% CI,2.4~2.9)。

亚急性期,氯吡格雷组每日缺血率显著高于低剂量普拉格雷组(P adj<0.001),而每日出血率无差异(P adj=0.35)。

在晚期,氯吡格雷的每日缺血率仍然显著较高(P adj<0.001),而低剂量普拉格雷的每日出血率显著较高(P adj<0.001)。

本研究提示,接受PCI治疗的老年ACS患者,1年随访期内的所有临床阶段,缺血性负担均高于出血负担。

与氯吡格雷相比,低剂量普拉格雷可降低亚急性和慢性期缺血性事件的发生率,而晚期氯吡格雷的出血负担较低。

临床试验注册URL:http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier:NCT 01777503.

老年ACS的抗血小板策略:早期激进 晚期温和

本分析的相关数据如下:

第一,在12个月的随访期内,缺血性事件发生率为出血性事件的2倍多,急性期和亚急性期此差异更为显著,此后呈指数级下降。

第二,ACS后的每日的缺血和出血负担,在最初3天均达到高峰,第一个月保持较高,随后逐渐平稳下降。缺血性事件大约一半发生在最初30天内(血管死亡的峰值为61%),出血并发症只有三分之一发生在第一个月,三分之二发生在后期。

第三,除治疗的最初3天外,在1年随访期间,低剂量普拉格雷组患者的缺血性事件显著低于氯吡格雷组,而从治疗第一个月到为期1年的随访结束,普拉格雷组的出血事件显著高于氯吡格雷组。

这或许提示我们,对于老年ACS患者,在不同病程,要采取不同的抗血小板策略。早期缺血负担显著更大,抗血小板应该更为激进,晚期出血负担相对增加,抗血小板应稍稍温和。

原始出处:

Crimi G, Morici N, Ferrario M, et.al. Time Course of Ischemic and Bleeding Burden in Elderly Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes Randomized to Low-Dose Prasugrel or Clopidogrel. J Am Heart Assoc. 2019 Jan 22;8(2):e010956. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010956.

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    2019-03-11 jyzxjiangqin

    缺血性脑梗的治疗。

    0

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    2019-02-22 jyzxjiangqin

    冠状动脉疾病治疗。

    0

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    2019-02-15 zhaohui6731
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