Sci Adv :陈学思院士团队开发免疫鸡尾酒疗法,肿瘤缩小率更高达97.3%

2020-10-21 黎元 医药魔方

免疫检查点抑制剂是一种很有前景的癌症免疫疗法,但在许多肿瘤中,低应答率限制了其进一步应用。尽管科学家们已经开发出一些联合疗法来增强免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效,但在多种肿瘤模型中这些疗法仍未产生良好的肿瘤。

免疫检查点抑制剂是一种很有前景的癌症免疫疗法,但在许多肿瘤中,低应答率限制了其进一步应用。尽管科学家们已经开发出一些联合疗法来增强免疫检查点抑制剂的疗效,但是在多种肿瘤模型中这些疗法仍未产生良好的肿瘤抑制作用。

9月30日,Science Advances发表了由中国科学院长春应用化学研究所陈学思院士团队的一项研究成果,研究人员提出了一种新型免疫鸡尾酒疗法,并开发了与鸡尾酒疗法匹配的一套纳米递送系统。这种新疗法实现了癌症免疫循环的多次增强,在不同的小鼠肿瘤模型中产生了优异的免疫治疗效果。

癌症免疫循环(cancer-immunity cycle)是2013年由美国的两位科学家Daniel S. Chen和Ira Mellman提出的一个概念,该循环从肿瘤细胞释放抗原开始,到杀死肿瘤细胞结束。这一概念解释了免疫系统杀伤肿瘤细胞的机制。

在这项研究中,研究人员开发的免疫鸡尾酒疗法整合了调节癌症免疫循环的多个方面,如肿瘤抗原的释放、T细胞由外周向肿瘤组织的迁移、肿瘤细胞的有效杀伤以及免疫记忆T细胞的产生。

具体来说,这种鸡尾酒疗法由两种肿瘤微环境(TME)应答药物和载药纳米颗粒组成,结合了化疗、免疫检查点抑制和细胞外基质降解三种疗法。智能纳米递送系统可以在肿瘤区域实现多柔比星(doxorubicin,一种化疗药物)的特异性递送以及表达PD-L1和透明质酸酶shRNA质粒的共递送,以改善治疗效果。

免疫鸡尾酒疗法(来源:Science Advances)

这种鸡尾酒疗法还可以通过诱导肿瘤免疫原性细胞死亡和使TME由免疫抑制性极化为具有免疫活性来促进T细胞启动。

免疫鸡尾酒疗法可诱导具有免疫活性的TME(来源:Science Advances)

多种肿瘤模型中的治疗结果表明,这种鸡尾酒疗法比传统的化疗结合免疫检查点抑制剂更有效,能使肿瘤显着缩小。其中,在小鼠黑色素瘤模型中,鸡尾酒疗法组表现出最有效的肿瘤抑制,有97.3%的肿瘤缩小,而且6只小鼠中的5只出现部分缓解(PR),这表明鸡尾酒疗法可以提高总缓解率(ORR)。

免疫鸡尾酒疗法皮下治疗黑色素瘤小鼠模型(来源:Science Advances)

“这主要归因于肿瘤外周CD8+T细胞浸润的增加,这能诱导强烈的免疫记忆效应并有效地防止肿瘤转移。” 田教授解释道。

可能影响周围T细胞浸润的机制(来源:Science Advances)

总的来说,这项研究提出的免疫鸡尾酒疗法是一种很有前途的治疗策略,对于开发更有效的抗肿瘤免疫疗法具有重要意义。

原始出处:

Jiayan Wu, Jie Chen, Yuanji Feng, et al.An immune cocktail therapy to realize multiple boosting of the cancer-immunity cycle by combination of drug/gene delivery nanoparticles.Sci Adv. 2020 Sep 30;6(40):eabc7828. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abc7828.

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    2020-10-21 junJUN

    院士是学术至高点,也是大家必争之地呀

    0

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    2020-10-21 ms9000002067892851

    如果能在临床有所突破的话实用价值还是很大的

    0

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