国家卫健委发布《抗肿瘤药物临床应用管理办法(试行)》

2020-12-30 卫健委 卫健委

该《办法》共五章48条,对医疗机构内抗肿瘤药物的遴选、采购、储存、处方、调配、临床应用和药物评价等,进行全过程管理。针对当前肿瘤用药实际,主要突出了以下特点:

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该《办法》共五章48条,对医疗机构内抗肿瘤药物的遴选、采购、储存、处方、调配、临床应用和药物评价等,进行全过程管理。针对当前肿瘤用药实际,主要突出了以下特点:

一是实行药物分级管理。考虑到抗肿瘤药物种类较多、新药上市速度不断加快,且肿瘤治疗分布在多个临床科室等现状,《办法》将抗肿瘤药物分为限制使用级和普通使用级。由医疗机构制订抗肿瘤药物分级管理目录,考核并授予医师相应的处方权,医师按照被授予的处方权开具相应级别的抗肿瘤药物。

二是强调药物的循证使用。为避免抗肿瘤药物的无指征使用,《办法》规定应当根据组织或细胞学病理诊断结果,或特殊分子病理诊断结果、基因靶点检测结果等,确认患者适用后方可开具抗肿瘤药物。遵循诊疗规范、临床诊疗指南、临床路径和药品说明书等,合理使用抗肿瘤药物。对药品说明书中未明确但具有循证医学证据的药品用法进行严格管理。

三是重视药物治疗方案的规范制订。要求首次药物治疗方案,由肿瘤诊疗能力强的医疗机构或省级卫生健康行政部门按照相应标准和程序遴选的其他医疗机构制订并实施。鼓励由三级医疗机构制订并实施首次药物治疗方案。以避免由于能力不足导致的用药治疗不规范、不正确等问题。

四是明确监管措施。要求各级卫生健康行政部门将抗肿瘤药物临床应用情况纳入对医疗机构的考核评价。要求医疗机构将其纳入医师定期考核、临床科室和医务人员业务考核,并对取消和限制医师处方权的情形作出规定。

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近年来,免疫检查点抑制剂在肿瘤免疫治疗方面取得了突破性进展。程序性死亡配体1 (PD-L1) 在多种癌症中高表达,并通过与其在T细胞表面的受体PD-1相互作用来调节免疫逃避,导致T细胞衰竭。

Sci Adv:肿瘤太小MRI“看不见”?这项新技术可使脑肿瘤可见度提高一倍

对待疾病,“早发现,早治疗”早已是深入人心的一句口号,但对于很多癌症患者来说,做到早发现并不是一件易事。除了身体感觉不到异样而没有及时做检查外,体积太小的肿瘤也会逃过现代成像技术的“法眼”。

Clin Trans Gastroenterology: 循环肿瘤细胞中再生肝3磷酸酶可能是评估结直肠癌术后患者复发或转移的重要预后标志物

  大肠癌(CRC)最常见的转移靶器官是肝脏。初诊时发现约15%–20%的CRC患者有肝转移,其余60%的患者在随后的治疗中也会出现肝转移或肿瘤复发,这是CRC治疗疗效差和死亡的主要原因。

CA Cancer J Clin :首次系统介绍循环肿瘤DNA在临床的应用以及未来的发展方向

使用血浆循环肿瘤DNA(ctDNA)进行基因组分析的应用正在迅速发展。商业和学术实验室中的各种血浆ctDNA技术都已在常规或新兴应用中使用。