Nature:不同人群血癌发生几率为何不同?

2020-06-25 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

目前,我们还不太清楚肿瘤发生和老龄化的生物学在多大程度上是由人类群体的差别因素形成的。随着年龄的增长,具有获得性突变的造血克隆变得常见,这可以导致血癌。

目前,我们还不太清楚肿瘤发生和老龄化的生物学在多大程度上是由人类群体的差别因素形成的。随着年龄的增长,具有获得性突变的造血克隆变得常见,这可以导致血癌。

最近,在33,250个常染色体镶嵌染色体改变的基础上,研究人员在造血细胞中描述了通用和人口特异性的基因组突变和克隆选择特征。研究人员检测了在BioBank日本队列中的179,417名日本参与者,并与英国生物库的类似数据进行比较。

在这个长寿的日本人群中,研究人员在超过35.0%(s.e.m.,1.4%)的90岁以上的个体中检测到了马赛克染色体改变,这表明随着年龄的增长,这种克隆有不可避免的趋势。

日本人和欧洲人在各自造血克隆的基因组突变位置上表现出关键的差异;这些差异预测了这些人群中慢性淋巴细胞白血病(在欧洲人中更常见)和T细胞白血病(在日本人中更常见)的相对发生率。

慢性淋巴细胞白血病的三种不同突变前兆(包括12三体、13q和13q染色体的丢失以及复制中性丧失杂合性)在日本个体中的发生率低2-6倍,这表明日本和欧洲人群在克隆的选择压力上存在差异,该差异在临床上出现明显的慢性淋巴细胞白血病之前就已经出现。

日本和英国人群还表现出非常不同的产生B细胞和T细胞系的克隆比率,这预示着这些人群中B细胞和T细胞癌症的相对比率。

研究人员还发现了6个以前未描述的位点,在这些位点上,遗传变异易导致马赛克染色体改变,以重复或去除遗传风险等位基因,这些位点包括NBN、MRE11和CTU2的大效应罕见变异(几率比,28-91)。

因此,研究人员认为,克隆的选择压力是由人类群体特有的因素所调节的。因此,有必要对世界各地人群的克隆选择和癌症进行进一步的基因组特征分析。

 

原始出处:

Chikashi Terao et al. Chromosomal alterations among age-related haematopoietic clones in Japan. Nature (2020).

 

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    2020-10-20 liye789132251
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    2020-08-27 14818eb4m67暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2020-06-27 liuhuangbo
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    2020-06-25 wxl882001

    了解

    0

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