PSYCHOL MED :正念疗法可能有助于改善失眠

2021-07-08 K.K MedSci原创

以正念为基础的疗法作为一种可行的失眠症治疗方法,为无法获得标准一线疗法的人提供了有效选择。

睡眠问题在普通人群中很常见,多达一半的新加坡成年人报告睡眠不足或不满意。睡眠质量往往会随着年龄的增长而恶化,正念练习变得越来越流行,作为减轻压力、治疗心理健康问题和改善整体幸福感的一种手段。

为了寻找治疗失眠的替代方法,新加坡国立大学 (NUS) 医学院睡眠与认知中心的首席研究员助理教授 Julian Lim 与新加坡中央医院的心理系一起寻找正念治疗睡眠的方法。

一项针对慢性原发性失眠症患者的正念疗法研究显示,失眠症状明显减少,在6个月的随访中,其结果优于非正念治疗方案。这项发表在Psychological Medicine的随机试验中,研究人员筛选了127名 50~80 岁之间的参与者,他们被随机分配到两个小组——65 人接受了正念疗法, 62 人接受了 SHEEP(积极的睡眠卫生条件、教育和锻炼计划),两种干预措施都包括八周会议,每次会议持续时间为两个小时。正念疗法包括正念练习,例如正念饮食、静坐冥想、正念运动和身体扫描,随后小组讨论他们在过去一周的经历,并给出直接解决他们睡眠困难的正念练习和方法。

 

Francesca Perini et al, Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia for older adults with sleep difficulties: a randomized clinical trial, Psychological Medicine (2021). DOI: 10.1017/S0033291721002476

SHEEP 课程提供了有关睡眠生物学、睡眠行为自我监测的信息,并教授他们改变习惯和环境以改善睡眠质量。参与者还练习了促进睡眠的运动,如横膈膜呼吸、早晚伸展运动和渐进式肌肉放松。

研究结果发现,在失眠严重程度指数上,正念疗法课程在缓解失眠严重程度上明显优于SHEEP课程,当然,两组都比入组时的情况有所改善。两组都承认睡眠质量分数随时间的推移有所提高。

分析显示,正念疗法和SHEEP课程在第4周时参与者睡眠有明显的改善,并且在干预后睡眠质量进一步变化。在6个月的随访中,改善也一直持续。

分析还显示正念干预措施的课程使得参与者入睡所需时间减少了,而SHEEP课程的入睡所需时间变化并不显着。在睡眠开始后的唤醒行为图中,与SHEEP课程相比,正念疗法夜间清醒的时间减少得更多。

在躯体或认知唤醒方面,躯体唤醒情况在第4周和干预后都没有明显减少,但在6个月的随访中开始明显减少。相比之下,认知唤醒情况在第4周明显下降,在6个月随访时再次下降。

在次要的行为图中(包括入睡时间、总睡眠时间和睡眠效率),两组中的入睡时间行为图也没有明显变化。正念失眠课程组中睡眠效率显着改善伴随的是总睡眠时间显着减少。在SHEEP课程组中,入睡时间、总睡眠时间和睡眠效率都没有太多变化。

失眠与过度觉醒密切相关,它通常是由于压力事件引起的,正念疗法课程使用行为策略直接解决不良睡眠习惯,例如鼓励人们在睡眠困难时起床以重建睡眠。良好的睡眠、正念的技巧,使人们拥有更灵活的策略来处理功能失调。

以正念为基础的疗法作为一种可行的失眠症治疗方法,为无法获得标准一线疗法的人提供了有效选择。这种治疗可以在医疗环境内外的小组中进行,为有睡眠问题的公众提供更容易和更有效的途径。

原始出处:

Francesca Perini et al, Mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia for older adults with sleep difficulties: a randomized clinical trial, Psychological Medicine (2021). DOI: 10.1017/S0033291721002476

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    2022-05-09 病毒猎手
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1218168, encodeId=70e7121816843, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9f3531022f0' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#冥想#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=ed2e6323612' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正念#</a><a href='/topic/show?id=b0bb63242c7' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#正念疗法#</a>对<a href='/topic/show?id=5d5a44289a3' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失眠#</a>是有一定效果的, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=31022, encryptionId=9f3531022f0, topicName=冥想), TopicDto(id=63236, encryptionId=ed2e6323612, topicName=正念), TopicDto(id=63242, encryptionId=b0bb63242c7, topicName=正念疗法), TopicDto(id=44289, encryptionId=5d5a44289a3, topicName=失眠)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Mon May 09 13:07:32 CST 2022, time=2022-05-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1069759, encodeId=12eb1069e5939, content=优秀, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=75, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cacheapi.medsci.cn/resource/upload/20151018/IMG5623B9060FDC17867.jpg, createdBy=b87832484, createdName=nugent, createdTime=Fri Nov 12 22:51:22 CST 2021, time=2021-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1611133, encodeId=9ef41611133ac, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=eb6b1145939' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Med#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=11459, encryptionId=eb6b1145939, topicName=Med)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=552a19396740, createdName=ms3994565386320060, createdTime=Fri Jul 09 02:56:18 CST 2021, time=2021-07-09, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=997158, encodeId=4c8f99e1588e, content=受教了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=117, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=eca02558264, createdName=125580d4m44暂无昵称, createdTime=Wed Jul 07 13:19:26 CST 2021, time=2021-07-07, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-11-12 nugent

    优秀

    0

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    2021-07-07 125580d4m44暂无昵称

    受教了

    0

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