Dev Cell:不饱和脂肪酸能抗癌?《Cell Press》**解密潜在机制 “铁死亡”

2020-07-16 生物探索 生物探索

随着越来越多的人逐渐认识到养生的重要性,大多数人更多地选择摄入不饱和脂肪来替代饱和脂肪,以降低患心血管疾病的风险。美国膳食指南建议:如果用不饱和脂肪替代饱和脂肪,每天摄入的饱和脂肪少于卡路里总摄入量的

随着越来越多的人逐渐认识到养生的重要性,大多数人更多地选择摄入不饱和脂肪来替代饱和脂肪,以降低患血管疾病的风险。美国膳食指南建议:如果用不饱和脂肪替代饱和脂肪,每天摄入的饱和脂肪少于卡路里总摄入量的10%。
 
近日,《Cell Press》的一篇研究从“铁死亡”的机制出发,探究了在秀丽隐杆线虫(C. elegans)的生殖细胞和人癌细胞中,细胞铁、二高-γ-亚麻酸(DGLA)和内源性醚脂之间的关系。并且提出了一种潜在的治疗癌症的方法,即利用DGLA特异性诱导铁死亡的特点,将外源性DGLA与小分子促铁死亡诱导剂结合杀死癌细胞。
 
 
doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.019
 
一、 何谓铁死亡?
 
铁死亡(Ferroptosis)在2012年被首次提出,它是一种铁依赖性形式的非凋亡性细胞死亡,其特征为细胞死亡过程中伴随着大量的铁离子累积和脂质过氧化。大量研究发现,Ferroptosis与神经系统疾病、肿瘤、缺血再灌注损伤性疾病、肾损伤及铁代谢疾病等疾病密切相关。
 
铁死亡机制
 
二、Ferroptosis与DGLA和内源性醚脂之间的关系
 
饮食中的脂质会影响生长发育、体内的稳态和某些疾病,但人们对膳食中的脂肪与细胞脂肪之间的联系知之甚少。而本研究发现: DGLA可以诱导引发线虫秀丽隐杆线虫(C. elegans)的生殖细胞的Ferroptosis和不育,而且特异性地诱导人癌细胞中的Ferroptosis。而当补充内源性醚脂可避免铁依赖性的细胞死亡。
 
结果发现,当用多不饱和脂肪酸和抗氧化剂抑制剂ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1)与DGLA共处理的过程中,Ferroptosis和细胞凋亡均被激活,而Fer-1能完全逆转DGLA引起的ced-3突变体的不育性,说明DGLA可以诱导秀丽隐杆线虫(C. elegans)生殖细胞中的Ferroptosis。
 
 
Fer-1调节DGLA诱导的生殖细胞死亡
 
当然,我们最关心的还是DGLA对人癌细胞的影响,研究发现,DGLA可能是通过直接调节膜磷脂酰化作用来诱导Ferroptosis。与小分子胱氨酸阻断剂erastin相比,DGLA诱导的死亡过程较为漫长,可能因为细胞需要吸收脂肪酸并将其掺入细胞磷脂中才能发挥作用。
 
 
(A) 细胞随时间的死亡;(B) 热图,显示在DGLA ( 500或250 mM ) 与乙醇对照生长6小时后,各种脂类脂肪酸组成的相对倍数变化
 
本研究根据多不饱和脂肪酸与铁死亡的关系,提出将DGLA与小分子铁死亡诱导剂联用,可诱导癌细胞以及体内其他敏感细胞引起Ferroptosis,这可能是一种有效治疗癌症的有潜力的研究方向。在预防以及有效治疗癌症的道路上,科学家们仍是任重而道远。
 
总之,膳食多不饱和脂肪酸与健康关系密切,具有重要的研究价值。同时,身体的健康不仅与均衡饮食有关,而且也和有质量的睡眠、规律的运动以及定期体检等等相关。
 
原始出处:

Marcos A.Perez1, Leslie Magtanong, Scott J.Dixon, et.al. Dietary Lipids Induce Ferroptosis in Caenorhabditis elegans and Human Cancer Cells. Developmental Cell Available online 10 July 2020

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    2021-01-20 fzwish20000
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    2020-09-26 维他命
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    2020-07-16 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

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