Lancet:非酒精性脂肪性肝、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎以及肝纤维化的鉴别新机制

2020-03-19 医学论坛网 医学论坛网

近期,《柳叶刀胃肠病学和肝病学》在线发表了一篇关于鉴别非酒精性脂肪肝患者与肝纤维化患者的评分研究。

近期,《柳叶刀胃肠病学和肝病学》在线发表了一篇关于鉴别非酒精性脂肪肝患者与肝纤维化患者的评分研究。

非酒精性脂肪肝的负荷正在全球范围内增加,患有非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的患者,其发展为肝硬化的风险更高,非酒精性脂肪肝疾病的患病率与肥胖症和2型糖尿病的患病率呈上升趋势,因此,它已成为全世界慢性肝病的最常见病因。一般人群的患病率为25–35%,但在肥胖和2型糖尿病患者中,这一比例上升到70%。尽管大多数非酒精性脂肪性肝患者并未进展为晚期纤维化或肝硬化,但非酒精性脂肪性肝的高患病率意味着许多患者确实会发展为慢性肝病,而非酒精性脂肪性肝现在是其中之一欧洲和美国进行肝移植的主要指征。一个关键的挑战是确定通过恶化肝纤维化而处于临床进展风险最大的患者,以及可能会受益于新药治疗的患者。

目前,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎活跃且纤维化程度显著的患者可以通过非侵入性标记物进行鉴别,这些标记物可能导致肝纤维化分层或需要经皮肝活检。非侵入性标记物的使用包括算法、血清生物标记物和成像方式,但不确定炎症性肝损伤的存在或程度。非酒精性脂肪性肝炎的存在和更严重的肝细胞损伤,通过脂肪变性(小叶炎症和气球)的测定,是非酒精性脂肪性肝患者肝纤维化发展的关键驱动因素,在风险分层中具有重要意义。

研究人员目的是开发一种算法,在怀疑患有非酒精性脂肪性肝的人群中,诊断那些患有非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、严重肝纤维化(>F2)和非酒精性脂肪性肝活性升高(NAS≥4)的人群。这两个标准的结合是很重要的,因为仅存在纤维化不足以招募到临床试验。此外,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎和升高的NAS定义的炎症的存在对于确定哪些患者可以从抗炎治疗中受益将是重要的,因为这些干预措施可能与纤维化患者无关,但与无炎症损伤或轻微炎症损伤患者无关。研究表明,NAS升高患者对试验药物的组织学反应更为常见,研究旨在开发一种算法,以确定这一亚组患者是否符合临床试验资格和最佳治疗处方。

这项前瞻性研究包括在多个国际队列验证前的衍生队列。衍生队列是一项针对18岁或18岁以上患者的多中心横断面研究,计划在英国七个三级护理肝脏中心进行怀疑非酒精性脂肪性肝的肝活检。这是一项已报告主要终点的研究的预先指定的次要结果。采用振动控制的瞬态弹性成像技术(LSM)和纤维扫描仪(FibroScan)测量的控制衰减参数(CAP)结合天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)或AST:ALT比值。为了确定那些非酒精性脂肪性肝炎、NAS升高和明显纤维化的患者,确定了最适合的多变量logistic回归模型,并使用boot-strapping进行了内部验证。在英国和7个独立的国际(法国、美国、中国、马来西亚、土耳其)组织学证实的非酒精性脂肪性肝患者队列(外部验证队列)的衍生数据集中确定分数校准和判别性能。

2014年3月20日至2017年1月17日期间,在英国肝脏诊所就诊的350名疑似非酒精性脂肪性肝患者被前瞻性纳入衍生队列。最具预测性的模型结合了LSM、CAP和AST,并被命名为FAST(FibroScan-AST)。在推导数据集(C统计量0.80,95%CI0.76-0.85)中,性能令人满意,并得到了很好的校正。

在外部验证队列中,评分的校准是令人满意的,在整个验证队列范围内的区分是良好的(集合外部验证患者队列的C-统计范围为0.74-0.95,0.85;95%可信区间为0.83-0.87;n=1026)。在衍生队列中,敏感性为0.90或更高的临界值为0.35,特异性为0.90或更高的临界值为0.67,导致阳性预测值(PPV)为0.83(84/101),阴性预测值(NPV)为0.85(93/110)。在外部验证队列中,PPV为0.33~0.81,NPV为0.73~1.0。

FAST评分提供了一种有效的方法,在临床试验或治疗中无创性地识别有进行性非酒精性脂肪性肝炎风险的患者,从而减少不太可能有重大疾病的患者不必要的肝活检。相信FAST评分将有助于更有效地识别需要进行进一步治疗的高危非酒精性脂肪性肝炎患者。

原始出处:
Prof Philip N Newsome, et al. FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study. Lancet. VOLUME 5, ISSUE 4, P362-373, APRIL 01, 2020

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    2020-10-07 qjddjq
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    2020-12-22 howi
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    2020-03-20 肿肿

    机制研究离临床仍然有距离,不过与临床结合思考,仍然有帮助的,不能仅仅是纯临床思维,转化思维同样重要

    0

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