Stroke:轻型卒中的血管内治疗,何去何从?

2018-11-27 杨中华 脑血管病及重症文献导读

在多项大血管闭塞性(large vessel occlusion,LVO) 急性缺血性卒中的 RCT 研究中,血管内血栓切除术(Endovascular thrombectomy,EVT)和最佳内科治疗相比能够提高再通率和临床预后。

在多项大血管闭塞性(large vessel occlusion,LVO) 急性缺血性卒中的 RCT 研究中,血管血栓切除术(Endovascular thrombectomy,EVT)和最佳内科治疗相比能够提高再通率和临床预后。基于这些试验的结果,当前指南推荐 NIIHSS>=6分的 LVO 前循环卒中的标准治疗方案为 EVT。这个 NIHSS 评分的 cutoff 值的确立来自于以前 RCT 研究的纳入标准,把大部分 NIHSS<6分者排除在 RCT 研究以外。MR CLEAN 研究是一个例外,该研究纳入患者的 NIHSS 评分低至2分。HERMES 汇总 meta 分析包括了上述各项研究,因此该 meta 分析仅纳入了很少的轻型卒中合并 LVO 的患者,比如 NIHSS<=10分,甚至<=6分者。所以,这些重要亚组人群采用 EVT 治疗的有效性和安全性尚缺乏证据。

很多LVO 患者的 NIHSS<6分,但最终却遗留明显残疾。因此,当临床医生面对这些患者的时候面临两难选择,相对较轻的神经功能缺损承受 EVT 的风险是否能为患者带来益处。为此,2018年10月来自美国的Amrou Sarraj等在 Stroke 杂志上公布了他们的研究结果,目的在于评价 EVT 对 合并LVO的轻型卒中的有效性和安全性。

该回顾性研究共纳入了来自美国和西班牙8个中心的数据,纳入的患者为发病24h 内前循环 LVO 且 NIHSS<6分的患者。LVO 定义为前循环动脉闭塞,包括 ICA、MCA M1、M2、M3、M4和 ACA。纳入的患者被分为两组:EVT 组和内科治疗组。主要终点为90天 mRS 0-1分。

共纳入了214例患者,其中 EVT 组124例,内科组90例。两组的基线资料比如年龄、ASPECTS 评分、IV 溶栓率和距离发病时间都没有差异。EVT 组和内科组90天 mRS 0-1分的比例没有显着性差异(55.7% versus 54.4%; 调整 OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.64–2.64; P=0.47)。90天 mRS 0-2分的比例也没有显着性差异(63.3% versus 67.8%; 调整 OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.43–1.88; P=0.77)。在倾向匹配分析中,62对患者比较未发现 EVT 的疗效(EVT,53.5% vs 内科治疗,48.4%; OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.54–2.52; P=0.69)。按照血栓部位分层后,仍然无显着性差异,仅 M1段闭塞者接近统计学差异(P = 0.07)。EVT 组症状性脑内出血的比例更高(5.8% vs 0%;P = 0.02)。

最终作者认为在这个回顾性多中心队列研究中发现,不管血栓部位如何,EVT 不能改善轻型卒中(NIHSS<6)患者的功能预后(excellent and independent functional outcomes),并且增加症状性脑出血的风险,临床上应该遵循指南推荐意见 NIHSS>=6分作为 EVT 的标准。EVT 对M1闭塞者有获益的趋势;然而需要进一步随机对照试验证实。

译者注:两组血栓部位差异较大,EVT 组更多的患者为更大的动脉闭塞。为了解决这些不匹配的问题,作者进行了倾向匹配分析仍然没有发现 EVT 的获益。

原始出处:Sarraj A, Hassan A, Savitz SI, et al. Endovascular Thrombectomy for Mild Strokes: How Low Should We Go? Stroke. 2018 Oct;49(10):2398-2405.

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  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747670, encodeId=0e841e4767049, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed7d935940d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#轻型卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93594, encryptionId=ed7d935940d, topicName=轻型卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=002835934077, createdName=tcm111hq, createdTime=Wed Jul 17 13:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354068, encodeId=05e035406817, content=内科效果不好,取栓也没好到哪去,静脉溶栓试试了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 15:06:50 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026220, encodeId=08791026220ef, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 00:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353813, encodeId=f10c3538131a, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Nov 27 22:40:54 CST 2018, time=2018-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353797, encodeId=41f2353e971d, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 27 21:47:15 CST 2018, time=2018-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-30 qjzhai1623

    内科效果不好,取栓也没好到哪去,静脉溶栓试试了

    0

  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747670, encodeId=0e841e4767049, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed7d935940d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#轻型卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93594, encryptionId=ed7d935940d, topicName=轻型卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=002835934077, createdName=tcm111hq, createdTime=Wed Jul 17 13:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354068, encodeId=05e035406817, content=内科效果不好,取栓也没好到哪去,静脉溶栓试试了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 15:06:50 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026220, encodeId=08791026220ef, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 00:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353813, encodeId=f10c3538131a, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Nov 27 22:40:54 CST 2018, time=2018-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353797, encodeId=41f2353e971d, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 27 21:47:15 CST 2018, time=2018-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-28 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1747670, encodeId=0e841e4767049, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=ed7d935940d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#轻型卒中#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=93594, encryptionId=ed7d935940d, topicName=轻型卒中)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=002835934077, createdName=tcm111hq, createdTime=Wed Jul 17 13:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-07-17, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=354068, encodeId=05e035406817, content=内科效果不好,取栓也没好到哪去,静脉溶栓试试了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=63, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://thirdwx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/vi_32/AiafG5m7kibldQyTnpaQicxg1rnBqFdIGgQBJJs4lR8ibmh91PibzgL7R7pl2HSBjgFeeKRV0mMCvDh49LrgJPCYYvA/132, createdBy=abc91707732, createdName=qjzhai1623, createdTime=Fri Nov 30 15:06:50 CST 2018, time=2018-11-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1026220, encodeId=08791026220ef, content=卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=健健, createdTime=Wed Nov 28 00:24:00 CST 2018, time=2018-11-28, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353813, encodeId=f10c3538131a, content=了解一下,谢谢分享!, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=62, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=http://cdnapi.center.medsci.cn/medsci/head/2019/12/23/2f51002e1349ccda5be11c1eea1e1e60.jpg, createdBy=a22097948, createdName=天地飞扬, createdTime=Tue Nov 27 22:40:54 CST 2018, time=2018-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=353797, encodeId=41f2353e971d, content=学习了,谢谢分享, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=58, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7c592194322, createdName=1209e435m98(暂无昵称), createdTime=Tue Nov 27 21:47:15 CST 2018, time=2018-11-27, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2018-11-27 天地飞扬

    了解一下,谢谢分享!

    0

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    2018-11-27 1209e435m98(暂无昵称)

    学习了,谢谢分享

    0