Nat Commun:根治所有癌症?这种新型免疫疗法或可将晚期肿瘤细胞全部清除

2021-06-23 生物探索 生物探索

近年来,全球掀起一股癌症免疫疗法新浪潮,使得该疗法逐渐成为癌症治疗的主流方式。而作为免疫反应下游效应的关键执行者,巨噬细胞在免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用,并有着超强的“可塑性”。

近年来,全球掀起一股癌症免疫疗法新浪潮,使得该疗法逐渐成为癌症治疗的主流方式。而作为免疫反应下游效应的关键执行者,巨噬细胞在免疫反应中发挥着重要的作用,并有着超强的“可塑性”。

近日,佐治亚州立大学的科研人员在Nature Communications杂志发表了一篇题为Intratumoral SIRPα-deficient macrophages activate tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells under radiotherapy的开创性研究,开发了一种基于巨噬细胞的新型免疫疗法,可有效治疗多种晚期癌症。

巨噬细胞就像是人体的侦察兵,遇到潜在的威胁会吞噬摧毁它们。然而,癌细胞很狡猾,经常会伪装成正常细胞,通过正常细胞所依赖的共同选择机制逃脱巨噬细胞的免疫监视,以提升自身的分裂能力,从而抑制人体免疫反应。

而肿瘤的这种逃逸现象的罪魁祸首是一种名为“调节蛋白α(Sirpα)”的受体,它是一种骨髓白细胞表达的抑制性调节剂,其典型功能是通过与自我识别标记 CD47相互作用来抑制吞噬细胞发挥作用,使得放射治疗 (RT) 诱导的杀瘤免疫受到严重限制。

因此,为了避免巨噬细胞继续“伤及无辜”,研究人员开发了一种基于Sirpα缺陷的巨噬细胞疗法来对抗癌症,并构建MC38体内结肠癌模型进行验证。

研究发现,局部放化疗治愈了患有晚期肿瘤的Sirpα缺陷(Sirpα -/-)小鼠的结直肠癌,且无明显的长期不良反应,可表现出与健康小鼠相似的寿命(约18个月)。这说明敲除Sirpα基因的巨噬细胞可通过引发炎症和激活肿瘤特异性T细胞来启动针对癌症的强大免疫反应,可最大限度的降低对健康细胞的不利影响。

局部放疗在患有晚期肿瘤的Sirpα-/-小鼠中实现了治愈反应

为了确定经治疗后的Sirpα缺陷小鼠体内的长期抗肿瘤免疫是否已经生成,研究人员对已根除结肠癌的Sirpα -/-小鼠进行了肿瘤再移植试验,将MC38细胞重新接种到小鼠体内。令人惊喜的是,癌细胞并未在小鼠体内增殖。这说明小鼠可能已经获得长期的体液抗肿瘤免疫。

此外,研究人员还发现,当在成功接种MC38细胞的野生型小鼠体内注射来自肿瘤根除的 Sirpα -/-小鼠的血清后,可成功的抑制癌细胞的扩散。这说明已根除肿瘤的Sirpα -/-小鼠的血清竟然也具有防止新肿瘤形成的能力。

Sirpα -/-小鼠的长效体液抗肿瘤免疫

总而言之,这项研究表明Sirpα 是肿瘤微环境免疫的主要操控者,且这项新技术与放化疗相结合或可成为一种“泛癌疗法”,指引人类对抗所有癌症的灯塔。

迄今为止,该治疗方法已经针对整个 NCI-60 癌症组合进行了测试,囊括了60 种不同的人类肿瘤细胞系,如白血病、黑色素瘤、肺癌、结肠癌、脑癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌和肾癌等,并且已经被发现有显着疗效。

目前,研究人员正在向美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)申请批准该疗法作为研究性新药,并计划于2022年进行人体临床试验。不仅如此,这项新疗法还获得了美国国家癌症研究所、乔治亚研究联盟和 Biolocity的资助。

原始出处:

Bian, Z., Shi, L., Kidder, K. et al. Intratumoral SIRPα-deficient macrophages activate tumor antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells under radiotherapy. Nat Commun 12, 3229 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23442-z.

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    2022-03-13 liye789132251
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    2021-11-20 heli0118
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    2021-06-25 jeanqiuqiu

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