Cell:里程碑式研究:癌症对脂肪的依赖可通过“新药物+饮食”进行治疗

2020-06-23 竹子 转化医学网

导言:癌症通常非常依赖脂肪,通过分解来促进脂肪的生长和扩散。英国一项里程碑式的研究表明,可以通过高度创新的新药和饮食变化的组合来治疗癌症。

导言:癌症通常非常依赖脂肪,通过分解来促进脂肪的生长和扩散。英国一项里程碑式的研究表明,可以通过高度创新的新药和饮食变化的组合来治疗癌症。

近日,伦敦癌症研究所和伦敦帝国学院的科学家开创了“药物+饮食”癌症疗法,将精确的医学和饮食习惯相结合。在手术过程中,他们使用智能手术刀“ iKnife” 在几秒钟内检测出组织是否癌变,并通过不含脂肪的新代谢疗法来对抗癌症。这项研究发表在Cell上。

寻找“代谢指纹”

科学家研究了实验室中的癌细胞和来自患者的肿瘤,以寻找“代谢指纹”——细胞内部运作留下的化学模式。

他们使用了与iKnife相连的分析功能,该功能可通过快速加热切开组织来筛查汽化组织中的烟气,以获取有关细胞代谢的关键线索。

在这项新研究中,科学家发现一种叫做PI3K的分子(对癌细胞的生长和存活至关重要),在触发花生四烯酸(一种关键的omega-6脂肪)的释放中起着关键作用。PI3K通常在许多癌症中发生突变,包括乳腺癌、妇科和肠癌。

研究人员发现,PI3K的突变涉及另一关键分子cPLA2的运作,它会释放花生四烯酸,反过来又助长了癌症不受控制的增长和扩散。

不含omega-6脂肪的饮食

随后,研究小组在小鼠研究中表明,一种名为cPLA2抑制剂的新型药物(正在临床试验中用于治疗各种炎性疾病)可以适应治疗依赖脂肪的癌症。但是这些药物只有结合饮食改变以限制脂肪的消耗才起作用。

当用抑制cPLA2的药物治疗小鼠并同时喂食基于植物的无脂肪饮食时,带有突变PI3K的肿瘤停止生长和扩散。但是,当给小鼠喂食富含omega-6脂肪酸的“西方”饮食时,cPLA2抑制剂无效。

研究人员认为,靶向cPLA2仅在没有饮食来源的花生四烯酸或某些其他脂肪来助长癌症时才有效。换句话说,要使这些药物有效,就必须采用无脂植物饮食。

这些发现仅适用于这些实验性cPLA2抑制剂的使用。他们并不暗示脂肪的存在可能会干扰任何现有的抗癌药物,也不暗示饮食中的脂肪限制只能阻止肿瘤的生长。

靶向癌细胞的代谢

癌症具有遗传弱点,可以通过治疗来解决,但是这项研究表明,癌症也容易出现特定的代谢脆弱性。

研究发现肿瘤通常严重依赖特定的脂肪及其产物来促进其生长和扩散,并且否认它们具有处理这些脂肪的能力可能是一种有效的治疗方法。

这项研究表明,花生四烯酸可能是一种代谢生物标志物,一种可衡量的指标,表明癌细胞内正在进行的进程。

这是首次用于追踪肿瘤生物学的研究,提出了未来在外科手术中使用iKnife来检测严重依赖脂肪的肿瘤的前景,因此患者可以接受代谢治疗。

接下来,研究人员希望在一项临床试验中对iKnife方法进行测试,以挑选出可以通过使用阻断cPLA2的药物治疗并改变饮食来受益的患者。

原始出处:

Nikos Koundouros, Evdoxia Karali, Aurelien Tripp, et.al. Metabolic Fingerprinting Links Oncogenic PIK3CA with Enhanced Arachidonic Acid-Derived Eicosanoids. Cell June 18, 2020

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    2020-10-13 维他命
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    2020-11-12 xzw113
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PNAS:斯坦福大学:新工程蛋白可阻止癌症生长并再生神经元

配体是在细胞之间或细胞内部传递信号的蛋白质分子。配体通过与称之为受体的细胞蛋白质结合来发挥作用。在与配体结合后,受体可以向细胞的其他部分发送额外的信号,以调节我们的生物过程。