eLife:脑损伤激活胶质细胞产生神经元研究获新进展

2019-08-29 黄辛 何静 科学网

胶质细胞是人脑中数量最多的细胞。但是,在人脑创伤情况下,胶质细胞的潜在反应和作用还很不清楚?中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心何杰研究组开展的研究,回答了两个关于胶质细胞如何响应脑损伤的关键性问题:损伤激活的胶质细胞如何进入细胞周期?损伤激活的胶质细胞如何选择产生胶质细胞还是神经元?近日,eLife在线发表这项研究论文。

胶质细胞是人脑中数量最多的细胞。但是,在人脑创伤情况下,胶质细胞的潜在反应和作用还很不清楚?中国科学院脑科学与智能技术卓越创新中心何杰研究组开展的研究,回答了两个关于胶质细胞如何响应脑损伤的关键性问题:损伤激活的胶质细胞如何进入细胞周期?损伤激活的胶质细胞如何选择产生胶质细胞还是神经元?近日,eLife在线发表这项研究论文。

斑马鱼中枢神经系统在损伤后具有强大的神经再生能力,因此近年来被用作研究中枢神经系统神经再生机制的重要动物模型。研究人员采用随机模型分析、单细胞测序以及原位细胞谱系追踪等手段,发现成年斑马鱼中脑视顶盖放射状胶质细胞处于静息状态,物理损伤视顶盖导致损伤区域下方发生胶质细胞异常增殖和胶质增生。

进而发现,物理损伤只能诱导部分胶质细胞进入细胞周期;连续两次在同一脑区位置的物理损伤会激活两群部分重叠的胶质细胞群。随机激活模型能够很好地解释重叠率。这些分析表明激活态的胶质细胞是以一个固定概率进入细胞周期转变为增殖态的。

同时,研究人员还发现损伤过程中胶质细胞存在不同细胞状态:静息态、激活态、增殖态。损伤引起损伤位点下方所有静息态放射状胶质细胞转变为激活态,但只有25%激活态细胞转变为增殖态。

视顶盖损伤增殖态胶质细胞主要产生胶质细胞,只产生极少数的新生神经元(3%~5%),这些神经元至少可以存活300天。更有趣的是,研究团队发现在损伤之后特定时间窗口(损伤后4~5天),抑制Notch信号通路会大量提高神经元的产生(从约5%提高到约20%)。

深入研究发现,大量增多的新生神经元很可能主要来源于损伤引起的激活态胶质细胞。也就是说,损伤诱导产生的激活且非增殖的细胞一旦被诱导进入增殖态,会大量产生神经元。“而这群过度生成的神经元只能存活少于25天,其背后的机制值得进一步探索。”研究人员说。

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    2019-09-10 clmlylxy
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    2020-05-06 膀胱癌
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    2019-08-31 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

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    2019-08-29 坚强007

    向科研人员致敬!!!

    0

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