怀孕期间若压力太大,可能导致产后抑郁

2019-10-27 小通 生物通

俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员近日在美国神经科学学会的Neuroscience 2019会议上称,一项动物研究表明,怀孕期间的慢性压力会触发大脑中的免疫反应,有可能导致产后抑郁。

俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员近日在美国神经科学学会的Neuroscience 2019会议上称,一项动物研究表明,怀孕期间的慢性压力会触发大脑中的免疫反应,有可能导致产后抑郁。

俄亥俄州立大学的研究人员近日在美国神经科学学会的Neuroscience 2019会议上称,一项动物研究表明,怀孕期间的慢性压力会触发大脑中的免疫反应,有可能导致产后抑郁。这是一项出人意料的研究成果,因为在正常怀孕期间,身体和大脑的免疫系统都受到抑制。

众所周知,压力会导致炎症,而炎症会引发免疫反应。研究人员已经知道,怀孕期间“压力山大”的大鼠存在大脑信号受损的现象,他们怀疑大脑中的免疫细胞可能参与其中。如果真是这样,大脑中的免疫变化也许会增加抑郁症易感性。

他们比较后发现,对于没有压力的怀孕大鼠,整个怀孕过程中身体和大脑免疫系统的正常抑制作用保持不变。相反,压力大的大鼠则显示出神经炎症的证据。这项研究还表明,压力大的大鼠身体其他部位的免疫反应均不活跃。

这项研究的主要参与者、俄亥俄州立大学的心理学副教授Benedetta Leuner表示:“这表明,身体发生的事情与大脑发生的事情之间不存在关联。”

之前,Leuner及其同事通过大鼠实验确定,怀孕期间的慢性压力阻止了树突棘的增加。树突棘是神经元树突上的功能性突起结构,用来与其他神经元交换信息。这些大鼠的行为与产后抑郁的妈妈相似:它们与婴儿的身体互动较少,并表现出类似抑郁的症状。

在这项研究中,大鼠在整个怀孕过程中都承受着无法预测的压力事件。这种做法增加了大鼠的心理压力,但又不会损害母亲或后代的健康。研究人员在这些“压力山大”的动物中发现了许多促炎化合物,表明大脑中免疫细胞(小胶质细胞)的数量和活性水平有所提高。

现在,他们想了解在妊娠应激期间激活的大脑免疫细胞是否清除了树突棘。他们怀疑,小胶质细胞很可能清除了树突上的突起结构。以往的研究发现,正常怀孕期间大脑中也会出现免疫抑制现象,即大脑中的小胶质细胞数量减少。

“通过在正常妊娠过程中增加压力,我们发现理论上应存在的免疫抑制作用没有发生。事实上有证据表明,大脑中的炎症信号可能对树突棘和突触有害,”俄亥俄州立大学的心理学助理教授Kathryn Lenz说。“由于压力的存在,小胶质细胞发生了变化。”

研究人员正在尝试观察小胶质细胞,看看它们是否会清除突触物质。他们还试图操控大脑中的炎症变化,以便了解这种变化是否会逆转大鼠的产后抑郁行为。

Leuner表示:“从树突棘和突触的角度来看,我们已经看到了类似抑郁的症状和神经变化,现在我们又发现了神经免疫变化,提示这些小胶质细胞可能是神经变化的原因。我们相信,这些变化最终构成了行为的基础。”

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    2019-10-27 医救仁心

    用实验说明了这一临床表现

    0

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    2019-10-27 yjs木玉

    好好好好好好

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    2019-10-27 深海的鱼

    学习学习学习学习

    0

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