PNAS:SAD-A激酶通过mTORC1信号调控胰岛β细胞形态和功能

2013-08-09 koo bio360

日前,来自南京医科大学,美国宾州大学医学院等机构的研究人员在最新研究中发现了一种激酶: SAD-A 能作为 mTOR 复合物1( mTORC1 )信号的传递因子,调控胰岛 β 细胞的形态和功能,由此揭示了一种 mTORC1 信号调控的新机制。【原文下载】 上述研究论文刊登在了近期出版的PNAS杂志上,文章的通讯作者分别是南京医科大学基础医学院韩晓教授,以及美国宾州大学史裕光教授,这两位学者均

日前,来自南京医科大学,美国宾州大学医学院等机构的研究人员在最新研究中发现了一种激酶: SAD-A 能作为 mTOR 复合物1( mTORC1 )信号的传递因子,调控胰岛 β 细胞的形态和功能,由此揭示了一种 mTORC1 信号调控的新机制。【原文下载

上述研究论文刊登在了近期出版的PNAS杂志上,文章的通讯作者分别是南京医科大学基础医学院韩晓教授,以及美国宾州大学史裕光教授,这两位学者均在糖尿病等疾病分子作用机理方面取得了重要的成果。

人体内所有细胞都会表达 mTOR 蛋白,这种关键蛋白的信号途径能感知并整合细胞生长信号,而 mTOR 蛋白就是连接这些信号和特殊能量调节,以及消耗营养生物合成(比如蛋白和脂质合成)过程之间的桥梁。

在哺乳动物中 mTOR 能与其他不同的蛋白结合,形成了两种复合体 mTORC1 和 mTORC2。 mTORC1 对于雷帕霉素(rapamycin)敏感。过去的十几年里研究主要集中于 mTORC1 ,科学家们发现这种蛋白的功能障碍会增加肿瘤和糖尿病的发病率,其中对于后者的影响,表现之一就是胰岛β细胞功能调控方面,但是科学家们还并不清楚其中具体的分子机制。

在这篇文章中,研究人员发现一种称为 SAD-A 的激酶能作为 mTOR 复合物1( mTORC1 )信号的传递因子,调控胰岛β细胞的形态和功能,这种酶只在胰腺和大脑中表达,属于 5' 单磷酸腺苷活化蛋白激酶相关蛋白激酶。

研究人员还通过敲除 SAD-A 进行了深入研究,发现这种敲除会导致葡萄糖刺激胰岛素分泌和小岛(petite islets)缺陷,与小鼠中由于核糖体蛋白S6激酶1的敲除引发的缺陷相似,核糖体蛋白S6激酶1是 mTORC1 的下游靶标。

同时选择性敲除胰腺 SAD-A 也会减小胰岛β细胞的含量,而 SAD-A 的过度表达则会显著增加小鼠胰岛素瘤细胞系β细胞的含量,这些也都与上述研究结果一致。

另外研究人员发现葡萄糖能显着刺激小鼠胰岛中 SAD-A 蛋白的表达,而 mTORC1 抑制剂雷帕霉素则能阻止其表达,这直接证明了 SAD-A 是胰岛β细胞中 mTORC1 信号的一个独特信号接收和传递因子。而且 SAD-A mRNA的5'非翻译区结构严谨,需要 mTORC1 信号开启翻译。

这些研究结果均指出, SAD-A 是 mTORC1 信号中一种独特的胰腺特异性效应蛋白,能介导 mTORC1 信号的调控作用。

韩晓教授研究组此前还曾发现了地塞米松诱导胰岛β细胞功能障碍的机制,他们证实了地塞米松剂量和时间依赖性增加 FoxO1 的mRNA和蛋白表达,同时又降低 PDX-1 的mRNA和蛋白表达水平,并通过进一步研究表明, FoxA2 对 FoxO1 和 PDX-1 表达的调控参与了地塞米松诱导的胰岛β细胞功能障碍。

研究首次报道了 FoxA2 可以结合到 FoxO1 基因启动子区从而促进 FoxO1 基因的表达,而胰岛β细胞在短时间地塞米松刺激时,结合在 PDX-1 启动子区的 FoxA2 将与 PDX-1 启动子发生解离,转而与 FoxO1 启动子区结合,导致 PDX-1 表达下降, FoxO1 表达上升;随着时间的延长,表达上升的 FoxO1 与 FoxA2 竞争 PDX-1 启动子区共同的 DNA 结合位点,进一步维持了β细胞内 PDX-1 低表达的状态,但地塞米松对 FoxA2 表达和出入核无明显影响。

作者简介:

韩晓
博士,特聘教授,博士生导师,江苏省人类功能基因组学重点实验室主任。1986年毕业于武汉同济医科大学六年制医学本科,同年考取同济医科大学分子病毒学与免疫学专业硕士研究生,硕士毕业后留校任教。于1991年公派赴联邦德国维尔茨堡大学攻读生物免疫与病毒学博士学位,1994年获博士学位后在德国明斯特大学分子医学所从事细胞因子、金属蛋白酶和糖尿病的博士后研究。1996年赴美国洛衫矶City of Hope National Medical Center糖尿病研究中心从事分子免疫学与糖尿病等的研究。曾获美国国际青少年糖尿病研究基金会资助(JDRF),美国专利一项(专利号:US6, 469, 063),2003年元月回国定居,被南京医科大学聘为教授,现为江苏省人类功能基因组学重点实验室主任。获江苏省科技进步二等奖、“2010年江苏省有突出贡献的中青年专家”、“333高层次人才培养工程”中青年科学技术带头人、江苏省“六大人才高峰”C类项目资助,国家发明专利1项。

史裕光
美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学医学院细胞与分子生理系终身教授,美国NIH肥胖与糖尿病生理学研究方面的常任评审专家,多年来一直致力于糖尿病与肥胖的分子机理研究。1982本科毕业于西北农业大学动物科学系,获学士学位;1986年硕士毕业于澳大利亚新英格兰大学,获遗传学硕士学位;1991博士毕业于澳大利亚国立大学和加利福尼亚戴维斯大学,获分子生物学博士学位。
1991-1995年在圣佛朗西斯科加利福尼亚大学做博士后研究,1995-2006年在全球著名生物制药公司-美国礼来公司从事药物研发工作,2006年任美国宾夕法尼亚州立大学医学院副教授,2010年晋升终身教授。主持美国NIH、ADA、宾夕法尼亚州卫生厅等多项重点科研项目;曾先后在糖尿病、分子生物学、生物化学杂志、分子与细胞生物学、美国生理学杂志、细胞代谢、细胞信号等国际著名杂志上发表学术论文45篇,获9项国际发明与专利;任美国生理学杂志:内分泌与代谢(2007-2010)以及分子与细胞生物化学(2009-2012)杂志编委会成员;应邀在美国、英国、法国、澳大利亚、日本、中国做学术报告41次,培养过美国、法国、孟加拉国、中国等国家的博士后10余名。

Jia Nie, Xiaolei Liu, Brendan N. Lilley, Hai Zhang, Y. Albert Pan, Scot R. Kimball, Jun Zhang, Weiping Zhang, Li Wang, Leonard S. Jefferson, Joshua R. Sanes, Xiao Han, and Yuguang Shi. SAD-A kinase controls islet β-cell size and function as a mediator of mTORC1 signaling. PNAS August 6, 2013; doi:10.1073/pnas.1307698110

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    2014-01-04 baoya
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    2014-02-27 drwjr
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1694158, encodeId=9472169415891, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a688385505' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛β细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83855, encryptionId=1a688385505, topicName=胰岛β细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=9aba29580281, createdName=一闲, createdTime=Tue Nov 12 17:15:00 CST 2013, time=2013-11-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1749430, encodeId=78a61e4943048, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be7c8385345' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#胰岛#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=32, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=83853, encryptionId=be7c8385345, topicName=胰岛)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=a7a536274692, createdName=baoya, createdTime=Sat Jan 04 14:15:00 CST 2014, time=2014-01-04, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1855426, encodeId=6bdf18554263d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=f32014428fc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PNAS#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14428, encryptionId=f32014428fc, topicName=PNAS)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=08e964, createdName=drwjr, createdTime=Thu Feb 27 04:15:00 CST 2014, time=2014-02-27, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1418389, encodeId=826c14183893d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2cc91232947' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#mTORC1#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=37, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12329, encryptionId=2cc91232947, topicName=mTORC1)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=59413348493, createdName=雕雕, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 05:15:00 CST 2013, time=2013-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1495922, encodeId=4e0914959226f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9c516685eea' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#激酶#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=66857, encryptionId=9c516685eea, topicName=激酶)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=73449239400, createdName=redcrab, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 05:15:00 CST 2013, time=2013-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1618823, encodeId=1d14161882382, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=007419239ca' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#β细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=38, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=19239, encryptionId=007419239ca, topicName=β细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=b69919964433, createdName=ms24272190615788285182, createdTime=Sun Aug 11 05:15:00 CST 2013, time=2013-08-11, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2013-08-11 雕雕
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    2013-08-11 redcrab
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