EBCC-11︱乳腺癌寡转移的局部治疗

2018-04-07 徐莹莹 金锋 肿瘤瞭望

2018年3月21日,第11届欧洲乳腺癌大会(EBCC-11)于西班牙巴塞罗那举行。会议第二天上午,来自荷兰、意大利等国家的讲者分别对乳腺癌寡转移病灶的生物学特性、局部治疗价值、颅内外寡转移灶的局部处理方式进行了系统梳理,现将报告精要整理如下。

2018年3月21日,第11届欧洲乳腺癌大会(EBCC-11)于西班牙巴塞罗那举行。会议第二天上午,来自荷兰、意大利等国家的讲者分别对乳腺癌寡转移病灶的生物学特性、局部治疗价值、颅内外寡转移灶的局部处理方式进行了系统梳理,现将报告精要整理如下。

转移性乳腺癌通常被认为是不可治愈的疾病,而寡转移是介于局部复发与广泛远处转移之间的特殊阶段。20世纪90年代,Hellman和Weichselbaum教授首次提出“寡转移”的概念,最初是指单个器官的孤立转移病灶,随后延伸为少数器官出现的有限数目转移病灶,通常≤5个。本次会议中,荷兰癌症中心的Gabe Sonke教授提出,寡转移的理想定义应该从以往转移灶的数量转变为基因突变谱、microRNA表达谱等反应肿瘤生物学特性的指标做为界定基准。

相对于广泛转移,寡转移通常局限在单一器官、性质相对温和、缺乏肿瘤克隆间的交互对话,全身播散能力较弱,是癌细胞转移进程的早期阶段,正是这些特性提示该阶段进行局部治疗具有临床价值。在没有其它隐匿性转移存在的前提下,通过积极的手术、放疗、射频消融等局部治疗手段消除寡转移病灶可使部分晚期患者达到治愈。多项回顾性分析表明,系统治疗联合局部治疗可使寡转移患者的5年生存率达到37%-79%,10年生存率最高可达60%。


意大利都灵大学的Umberto Ricardi教授报告了颅内寡转移的多学科管理。乳腺癌脑转移的比例仅次于肺癌,发生率约占10-20%。年轻、原发灶组织学分级高、ER阴性、HER2阳性均是脑转移发生的高危因素。因中枢神经系统的肿瘤进展迅速,有症状的脑转移会严重影响患者的生活质量和认知功能,所以优化局部控制手段至关重要。

全脑放疗(WBRT)是脑转移瘤的常规治疗手段,虽然可以降低颅内复发、延长患者生存期,但放疗副产物可引起早期脑功能的损害。立体定向放射外科(SRS)治疗是将高剂量的射线(21-24Gy)聚焦在某一靶区,达到类似外科手术的效果。靶区外周的放射剂量呈梯度锐减,从而避免了周围脑组织的损伤。对于仅有颅内寡转移的患者,积极的局部治疗是否能达到WBRT的效果是临床医生关注的问题。

NCT00377156研究纳入了213例仅有1-3个脑转移灶的患者,随机分至SRS组及SRS联合WBRT组,两组总生存没有差别,3个月内的认知功能减退在SRS组发生率明显降低。对于有限数量的脑转移病灶应采取SRS或手术等更积极的局部治疗手段。美国ASTRO指南也提出,在手术或SRS治疗后不应将WBRT作为常规辅助治疗。另外,新型WBRT技术,如规避海马区照射的全脑放疗可以减少神经认知功能的毒性,具有临床应用前景。


最后,英国的Peter Hoskin教授介绍了颅外寡转移的局部治疗。目前在肠癌肝转移、肾癌肺转移、非小细胞肺癌肺内转移中,积极的局部治疗能够显着提高患者的生存期,其中肠癌肝脏寡转移灶的手术切除已经成为治疗的金标准,立体定位放射治疗(SBRT)也改善了患者预后。因此,对乳腺癌寡转移的局部治疗能否同样改善生存也正在进行尝试。

早期研究提示对于乳腺癌单发肝转移的患者,行部分肝脏切除手术使5年生存期达到48%。实际上早在2010年ESO–MBC Task Force就提出该假说,部分转移性乳腺癌患者可以达到治愈。随后临床样本分析提示乳腺癌寡转移灶切除可使30%左右患者达到治愈,而优化选择适合进行局部治疗的患者是关键,比如激素受体阳性、腋窝淋巴结阴性、仅有骨转移等肿瘤生物学行为较好、负荷较低的患者。

如何选择真正寡转移的患者是目前面临的挑战,由于系统治疗后短暂性“静息”状态并未消除恶性肿瘤细胞潜在侵袭性生物学特性,因此“去伪存真”至关重要。通过提供更多信息的影像学和新的检测技术早期识别出真正的“寡转移”患者,抓住时机采取积极的局部治疗可以改善此类患者的预后。当然目前尚缺乏高水平证据和共识指导临床实践,未来需要更强证据级别的数据使乳腺癌寡转移的处理方式被广泛接受。

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    2018-04-20 1e145228m78(暂无匿称)

    学习了.谢谢作者分享!

    0

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    2018-04-07 121832a9m88暂无昵称

    学习了

    0

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    2018-04-07 yfjms

    学习

    0

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