Nat Cancer:乳腺癌精准分型,基因组+生物标志物共定位

2020-02-20 Walter 转化医学网

导读:乳腺癌是女性健康的头号公敌,癌症的异质性是目前临床实现精准医学的主要障碍之一。对于乳腺癌的基因组和分子特征的研究已经比较透彻,但基因组改变如何塑造肿瘤内部的生态系统,如何进一步导致不同个体肿瘤之间的差异,尚不清楚,而这些问题恰恰是解答癌症恶化和产生抗性的原因。

导读:乳腺癌是女性健康的头号公敌,癌症的异质性是目前临床实现精准医学的主要障碍之一。对于乳腺癌的基因组和分子特征的研究已经比较透彻,但基因组改变如何塑造肿瘤内部的生态系统,如何进一步导致不同个体肿瘤之间的差异,尚不清楚,而这些问题恰恰是解答癌症恶化和产生抗性的原因。
 
英国剑桥大学的Carlos Caldas和瑞士苏黎世大学的Bernd Bodenmiller近日在Nature Cancer发表结果,通过将蛋白质谱成像与多维度基因组学结合的方式,横向解释肿瘤异质性,纵向剖析肿瘤进程特征,从而对乳腺癌进行精准分型。
 
 
首先,研究者在483份乳腺癌组织样本上进行成像质谱流式(Imaging Mass Cytometry),对37个蛋白质的丰度进行亚细胞分辨率的表征,进而使用随机森林分类法对单细胞进行分段,量化每个细胞的蛋白质表达并识别相邻细胞,结合样本的多维度基因组学数据,包括拷贝数、转录组学、miRNA和173个乳腺癌靶基因的测序,将多维度的肿瘤表型与基因组特征联系起来,进行了前所未有的深度表征。
 
成像质谱流式绘制乳腺癌肿瘤分子图谱
 
依据蛋白质的表达和分布,研究人员确定了乳腺肿瘤中的细胞多样性,通过聚类分析能大致分辨出肿瘤细胞、基质细胞和免疫细胞;依据波形蛋白和纤连蛋白表达水平,进一步分为成纤维细胞或成肌纤维细胞;研究者还鉴别出T细胞、B细胞、巨噬细胞和血管平滑肌细胞的特征。
 
乳腺癌生态系统中的细胞种类鉴别
 
某些细胞表型在特定的肿瘤亚型中富集。例如,Luminal A型肿瘤主要为HR阳性上皮细胞,Luminal B型肿瘤HR阳性上皮细胞和HR+Ki67+细胞共存。基底样肿瘤多为三阴性,其中富含HR- Ki67 +细胞、表达基底细胞角蛋白的上皮细胞和缺氧相关的细胞表型。
 
研究人员指出,不同的肿瘤亚型中细胞间相互作用不同。例如,基底样和整合性簇10肿瘤属于一种亚组,因为两者上皮细胞和基质细胞之间存在许多同型关系。本文通讯作者,剑桥大学癌症研究中心Carlos Caldas说:“我们已经证明,突变对癌症产生的影响比之前预想的广泛得多。它们通过影响癌细胞与周围细胞及其他各种细胞的相互作用,进而影响肿瘤的整个结构。”
 
不同亚型乳腺癌中的细胞表型
 
某些细胞表型也可能与关键的乳腺癌驱动基因改变有关。与预期的类似,ERBB2基因的增加与HER2 +细胞的表型有关,而TP53基因突变与ER-基底细胞、低氧相关的上皮细胞和HR-Ki67 +上皮细胞有关。此外,CCND1基因的出现和TUBD1、ATM等基因的丧失与其他细胞表型有关。
 
另外,表达碳酸酐酶IX(缺氧的标志物)的上皮细胞,与CD274基因的获得和B2M的杂合缺失有关。此前研究表明,缺氧与免疫抑制等发生有关,进而导致免疫逃逸和对免疫检查点封锁疗法的抗性,研究者指出,通过缺氧标记物可以辅助鉴别临床上对相应药物存在抗性的患者,从而制定特殊的治疗政策。
 
基因组突变影响细胞表型
 
特定的细胞表型与患者的预后相关。研究者证明,若肿瘤中占多数的是表达Ki67和HER2的细胞表型,或表征肿瘤微环境中低氧和巨噬细胞存在的细胞表型,均提示患者预后不良;而血管平滑肌细胞的存在则提示良好的预后结果。
 
肿瘤中细胞表型提示不同的预后
 
本研究通过蛋白质谱成像结合多维度基因组数据分析,将基因突变-分子标志物-细胞表型-癌症亚型“破次元壁”地联系在一起,对乳腺癌进行深度精准分型。本文第一作者Raza Ali表示:“目前,医生只通过一些关键指标分辨患者的乳腺癌类型。但是,随着个性化医学时代的深入发展,我们对患者肿瘤的细节信息了解越全面,就能采取更具针对性、更为有效的治疗策略。”
 
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    2020-03-17 liye789132251
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