J Sport Health Sci:全膝关节置换术患者在不同坡度下坡行走时的膝关节生物力学

2022-08-22 医路坦克 MedSci原创

全膝关节置换术(TKR)是膝关节骨关节炎(OA)的常见外科手术,本研究的目的是在0˚(水平步行)、5˚、10˚和15˚的下坡面上,比较膝关节置换患者和非置换肢体的膝关节生物力学,并与健康对照组的匹配肢

全膝关节置换术(TKR)膝关节骨关节炎(OA)的常见外科手术。对于严重膝关节骨性关节炎的患者,在改善活动范围(ROM)的情况下,TKR患者的置换肢体的最大膝关节内外展力矩(KABM)已被证明与未置换的健康肢体在水平行走时的KABM相似或更小。然而,TKR患者的患肢在水平行走时膝关节伸展力矩(KEM)屈膝活动度(KEM)较非患肢和他们的年龄匹配的健康对照组的KEM屈膝活动度(KEM)屈膝活动度(KEM)降低表明膝关节置换后患肢仍然存在缺陷。

大量TKR患者会在手术后进行运动健身进一步康复锻炼。步行和徒步旅行等有氧运动对心血管健康有积极的影响。有研究也表明,以5°的坡度上山行走对单侧TKR患者来说可能是一种安全的运动,因为与水平行走相比,该坡度具有相似的内侧膝关节负荷。然而,肌肉酸痛和膝关节的高负荷可能会导致健康成年人在下坡行走时疼痛和受伤。以前的研究结果已经表明,在年轻健康个体下坡行走期间的峰值膝盖弯曲角度和膝盖弯曲ROM大于水平行走期间的峰值膝盖弯曲角度和ROM,这表明与水平行走相比,下坡行走期间的膝盖保持在更弯曲的位置并且接收更高的负荷。下坡步行对单侧TKR患者是否以及在多大程度上是安全的仍有待调查。

据我们所知,还没有研究探讨TKR患者在不同下坡上进行下坡行走时的膝关节生物力学。彻底调查TKR手术后不同下坡的特定步态损害可能有助于改进康复策略,并识别TKR患者徒步期间发生不安全行走条件的斜坡。因此,本研究的目的是在0˚(水平步行)、5˚、10˚和15˚的下坡面上,比较膝关节置换患者和非置换肢体的膝关节生物力学,并与健康对照组的匹配肢体进行对比。

方法:25例TKR患者和10例健康对照在测力平台和仪表式坡道系统上进行了5次不同坡度的步行试验。采用2 GB 2(肢体GB组)和2 GB 4(肢体GB斜率)两种方差分析方法对选定的生物力学变量进行检验。

A)斜道系统的机械结构。坡道系统的机械结构由5个部分组成。A段提供从地面到主坡道(B段)的过渡。平台(C段)铰接在B段的末端,并安装在支撑结构(E段)上。C段可以调整为3种不同的高度,以分别适应5˚、10˚和15˚的坡道等级。两个独立的步行结构(D段)独立地固定在两个力平台上,其表面与坡道表面的其余部分齐平。(B)15˚下降时Visual3D中的斜坡力结构。

(A)假肢矢状面膝角,(B)非假肢矢状面膝角,(C)假肢垂直地反力,(D)非假肢垂直地反力,(E)假肢矢状面膝力矩,(F)非假肢矢状面膝力矩。黑线为0˚下坡;蓝线为5˚下坡;红线为10˚下坡;绿线为15˚下坡。BW=体重。

(A)TKR患者平行期和下坡期的峰值负荷反应KEM和(B)峰值推离KEM。*置换肢体与非置换肢体之间有显著差异(p<0.04)。误差栏表示标准偏差。KEM=膝关节伸展力矩;TKR=全膝关节置换。

 

结果:TKR患者置换肢体的峰值负荷反应推伸伸膝力矩均低于未置换肢体和健康对照肢体。健康对照组的置换肢体、非置换肢体和配对肢体之间的负荷-反应力矩推离膝关节内外展力矩没有差异。置换和未置换患肢的膝关节屈曲活动度最大负荷反应垂直地面反作用力最大伸膝力矩15˚之间的所有斜率比较中均增加。

结论:TKR患者的早期康复训练方案中不宜包括下坡行走。

文献来源:  Wen C,  Cates HE,  Weinhandl JT,Knee biomechanics of patients with total knee replacement during downhill walking on different slopes.J Sport Health Sci 2022 01;11(1)

 

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    2023-06-28 yxch48
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    2023-01-05 shizhenshan
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