Nature Communications:不止疫苗,mRNA技术还能治疗罕见遗传病

2021-05-31 “生物世界”公众号 “生物世界”公众号

2021年5月25日,美国Moderna公司的罕见病研究团队在 Nature Communications 期刊发表了题为:mRNA therapy restores euglycemia and p

糖原贮积病1a(GSD1a)是一种罕见的遗传性代谢紊乱疾病,由葡萄糖6-磷酸酶(G6Pase-α)缺乏引起,这种患者表现出危及生命的低血糖,并容易患上肝肿瘤。目前还没有治疗GSD1a和治疗低血糖症的方法,现行护理标准不能预防肝肿瘤风险。由于面临药物输送,疗效和安全性的挑战,酶替代疗法和基因治疗并不理想。

与传统方法相比,通过向组织输送mRNA来恢复蛋白质功能具有相当大的优势。与病毒载体介导的基因递送方法不同,mRNA治疗可在不改变基因组DNA的情况下纠正蛋白质功能,mRNA依赖性瞬时蛋白表达可降低由于蛋白质功能的组成性和/或长期激活而导致的无意过量的风险,并且通过mRNA治疗观察到的线性剂量反应可允许为每位患者制定理想剂量,这些是在病毒载体介导的基因治疗中不容易实现的。

尽管有许多好处,但由于缺乏有效和安全的递送方法,临床上基于mRNA疗法的进展受到阻碍。但随着Moderna公司的使用脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)递送mRNA的新冠疫苗的上市和大规模应用,为mRNA疗法治疗其他类型疾病的临床推广提供了极大信心。

2021年5月25日,美国Moderna公司的罕见病研究团队在 Nature Communications 期刊发表了题为:mRNA therapy restores euglycemia and prevents liver tumors in murine model of glycogen storage disease 的研究论文。

研究团队在糖原贮积病小鼠模型中证明了用脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)递送工程化mRNA的有效性和安全性,提出了一种可能对糖原贮积病的治疗产生重大影响的潜在疗法。

为了确保体内有效的mRNA性能,研究团队优化了mRNA和蛋白质序列。他们首先进行了计算机辅助的生物信息学研究,以确定在绝大多数物种中高度保守的氨基酸残基。直接参与构成hG6Pase-α活性残基的S298C蛋白变体被挑选出来。

接下来,研究团队评估了外源性hG6Pase-α_S298C变异蛋白的亚细胞定位。hG6Pase-α_S298C蛋白与钙粘蛋白的共定位证实了该变体的内质网亚细胞定位。

为了评估优化的hG6PC S298C mRNA对肝脏的影响,研究团队随时间测量了hG6PC S298C的转录本和蛋白质活性,发现与未优化的mRNA相比,优化的hG6PC mRNA能导致更高的肝hG6Pase-α蛋白水平和酶促活性。

为了评估hG6PC S298C mRNA的体内药效,研究团队对模仿GSD1a患者临床表型的小鼠模型进行了hG6PC S298C mRNA注射,与注射了对照mRNA的小鼠相比,接受hG6PC S298C mRNA的治疗组病情有了显着改善。

安全性是开发任何药物疗法需要考虑的关键因素。研究团队评估了血清细胞因子水平、肝酶水平、抗药物抗体与mRNA剂量的相关性,发现hG6PC S298C mRNA具有良好的耐受性,不会引起严重的副作用。

最后,研究团队将hG6PC S298C mRNA递送至肝癌小鼠,发现治疗组的肿瘤体积较小,象征着肝癌进展的甲胎蛋白血浆浓度也显着降低,表明长期hG6PC S298C mRNA治疗可降低肝癌恶化风险。

在这项研究中,研究团队设计了编码hG6Pase的化学修饰的共mRNAs-α 并将它们包裹在脂质纳米颗粒(LNP)中,以便递送到肝脏。他们发现工程化的mRNAs产生hG6Pase-α 与未优化的mRNA序列相比,hG6Pase-α的表达量和酶活都有增强。从工程mRNAs翻译的蛋白质也被引导到内质网上。当注射到GSD1a的肝脏特异性小鼠模型中时,优化的mRNAs导致空腹血糖水平的恢复,与GSD1a相关的几种肝脏和血清生物标记物的正常化。重要的是,mRNAs的重复给药耐受性良好,可降低发生低血糖和长期肝脏并发症的风险。

这也是首次有证据表明,在临床前小鼠模型中重复给予基于mRNA的GSD1a药物疗法,能改善禁食耐受性和肝脏病变风险。也证明了mRNA疗法的安全性和有效性,为通过mRNA疗法治疗人类糖原贮积病铺平了道路。

原始出处:

Cao, J., Choi, M., Guadagnin, E. et al. mRNA therapy restores euglycemia and prevents liver tumors in murine model of glycogen storage disease. Nat Commun 12, 3090 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23318-2.

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    2021-07-17 liye789132251
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    2022-05-17 liuli5079
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    2021-06-02 syscxl
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