Sci Adv:苏州大学刘庄/杨凯开发新型的肿瘤治疗方法,有望应用于临床

2020-08-17 枫叶 iNature

为了克服癌症的威胁,临床上已经采用或测试了多种基于不同机制的治疗策略。但是,常规的癌症疗法,例如化学疗法和放射疗法,在严重的副作用,治疗耐药性和特异性有限方面存在局限性。

为了克服癌症的威胁,临床上已经采用或测试了多种基于不同机制的治疗策略。但是,常规的癌症疗法,例如化学疗法和放射疗法,在严重的副作用,治疗耐药性和特异性有限方面存在局限性。光触发的光疗法,包括光热疗法(PTT)和光动力疗法,具有较低的侵入性和更高的特异性,但通常用于治疗局部肿瘤而不是远处转移性肿瘤。最近,靶向肿瘤的活微生物,例如卡介苗,厌氧菌,甚至溶瘤病毒,已经成为肿瘤特异性的药物传递载体或单独作为治疗剂。最近,有报道称某些类型的细菌可以将近红外(NIR)吸收剂(如纳米金或聚多巴胺)输送到肿瘤中以进行光热肿瘤消融。然而,尚未报道仅使用细菌而不添加其他治疗剂或纳米颗粒来实现光疗或光免疫疗法。

2020年8月14日,苏州大学刘庄及杨凯共同通讯在Science Advances 在线发表题为“Bacteria-triggered tumor-specific thrombosis to enable potent photothermal immunotherapy of cancer”的研究论文,该研究发现静脉注射后减毒的沙门氏菌会在各种类型的实体瘤中增殖,但在正常器官中会迅速清除,而不会产生明显的毒性。细菌引起的炎症将通过破坏肿瘤血管来触发被感染肿瘤中的血栓形成。如通过光声成像所观察到的那样,六种类型的测试肿瘤都将变成具有强烈的近红外吸收的深色。在激光照射下,那些细菌感染的肿瘤将被有效消融。由于具有免疫刺激功能,这种基于细菌的光热疗法(PTT)随后会触发抗肿瘤免疫反应,可以通过免疫检查点阻断来进一步增强抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而有效地抑制外源性肿瘤的生长。基于细菌的PTT后,还观察到了强大的免疫记忆效应,可以抵抗再发的肿瘤。该研究工作证明细菌本身可以充当肿瘤特异性PTT剂,从而使光免疫疗法癌症治疗能够抑制肿瘤转移和复发。

另外,2020年7月24日,苏州大学刘庄及程亮共同通讯在Nature Communications 在线发表题为“Preparation of TiH1.924 nanodots by liquid-phase exfoliation for enhanced sonodynamic cancer therapy”的研究论文,该研究通过液相剥离法可以高效地制备纳米级金属氢化物,其剥离效率取决于剥离试剂与氢化物材料表面能的匹配程度。进一步的实验结果证明,得到的TiH1.924纳米点在超声作用下能产生活性氧自由基(ROS),表现出高效的声敏化效应。同时,TiH1.924纳米点具有强的近红外(NIR)吸收,利用其温和的光热效应增强肿瘤内的血流和改善肿瘤的氧含量,实现了光热-声动力协同治疗。另外,绝大部分的超小TiH1.924纳米点可以从体内清除,大大提高其生物安全性,奠定了金属氢化物纳米材料在生物医学中的广阔应用前景。

为了克服癌症的威胁,临床上已经采用或测试了多种基于不同机制的治疗策略。但是,常规的癌症疗法,例如化学疗法和放射疗法,在严重的副作用,治疗耐药性和特异性有限方面存在局限性。光触发的光疗法,包括光热疗法(PTT)和光动力疗法,具有较低的侵入性和更高的特异性,但通常用于治疗局部肿瘤而不是远处转移性肿瘤。

在2019年,Rastinehad等人报告了基于金-二氧化硅纳米粒子的PTT的第一项临床试验,该疗法通过立体定向套管针/激光纤维治疗前列腺癌患者。15名接受治疗的患者中有13名在治疗后1年内没有癌症迹象,证明了基于激光的PTT在临床上的应用前景。

另一方面,通过使用宿主的免疫系统攻击肿瘤细胞的癌症免疫疗法在最近几年也展现了巨大的希望。例如,使用抗体来阻断免疫检查点受体的免疫检查点封锁(ICB)治疗已被临床用于治疗各种类型的肿瘤。但是,已知单独的ICB治疗的总体临床反应率相对较低。因此,近年来,ICB治疗与其他类型的治疗方法(包括化学疗法,放射治疗和光疗)的结合引起了广泛的关注。例如,将基于免疫佐剂纳米粒子的PTT与ICB治疗相结合,可以触发抗肿瘤免疫反应,从而抑制局部肿瘤消融后的肿瘤转移和复发。

最近,靶向肿瘤的活微生物,例如卡介苗,厌氧菌,甚至溶瘤病毒,已经成为肿瘤特异性的药物传递载体或单独作为治疗剂。最近,有报道称某些类型的细菌可以将近红外(NIR)吸收剂(如纳米金或聚多巴胺)输送到肿瘤中以进行光热肿瘤消融。然而,尚未报道仅使用细菌而不添加其他治疗剂或纳米颗粒来实现光疗或光免疫疗法。

在该研究中,提出了一种使用完整的细菌进行光免疫治疗的方法,该方法无需进行任何化学修饰或增加其他有效负载。该研究发现,在静脉内注射低剂量的减毒沙门氏菌ΔppGpp菌株到荷瘤的小鼠上。进一步的研究证实,由于这些细菌的兼性厌氧习性和独特的低氧肿瘤微环境,静脉注射后的ΔppGpp鼠伤寒沙门氏菌可以特异性地定植在肿瘤中,而在其他正常器官中几乎没有感染。

肿瘤内的细菌增殖将触发先天免疫细胞的激活,促炎因子的释放以及肿瘤脉管系统的破坏。通过体内光声(PA)成像监测,这种细菌诱导的肿瘤特异性血栓形成将导致具有强烈NIR吸收的明显变暗的肿瘤颜色。由于增加了肿瘤特异性近红外吸收,因此可以实现有效的肿瘤光热消融,这由五种不同类型的肿瘤模型证明。利用细菌固有的免疫刺激作用,该研究的细菌触发的PTT可以诱导有效的抗肿瘤免疫反应,再结合ICB治疗,可以抑制转移性肿瘤的生长。在这种细菌触发的PTT之后,最后达到了防止癌症复发的强大的免疫记忆作用。

原始出处:

Xuan Yi, Hailin Zhou,Yu Chao,et al.Bacteria-triggered tumor-specific thrombosis to enable potent photothermal immunotherapy of cancer.Science Advances . 14 Aug 2020:Vol. 6, no. 33, eaba3546DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba3546

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    0

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    2020-08-19 ms5000000741733160

    👍🏻

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    2020-08-19 ms5000000741733160

    👍

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    2020-08-19 ms5000000741733160

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    2020-08-17 ms5000001908858550

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