BMJ:没有明确的证据表明,大多数新的癌症药物能够延长或改善生命

2017-10-06 佚名 medicalxpress

研究结果显示,即使药物在现有治疗方法上表现出了生存的优势,这些药物也往往是微不足道的。

研究结果显示,即使药物在现有治疗方法上表现出了生存的优势,这些药物也往往是微不足道的。

许多药物都是在间接(“代理”)措施的基础上获得批准的,这些措施并不总是能准确地预测病人是否会活得更久或感觉更好,这引发了对现行药物监管标准的严重质疑。

伦敦国王学院(King'sCollegeLondon)和伦敦经济学院(LondonSchoolofEconomics)的研究人员表示:“当那些缺乏临床意义的昂贵药物在公共资助的医疗体系中得到批准和支付时,个体患者就会受到伤害,重要的社会资源被浪费了,公平的和负担得起的医疗服务也被破坏了。”

研究小组分析了欧洲药物管理局(EMA)从2009年到2013年的癌症批准报告。

在此期间批准的68例癌症适应症中,有57%(39例)在代理终点的基础上进入市场,没有证据表明它们延长了生存率或提高了患者的生活质量。

经过5年的市场平均水平,只有8种药物适应症显示了生存或生活质量的提高。

因此,在EMA批准的68个癌症适应症中,有5年的随访,只有35例(51%)显示了在现有治疗或安慰剂上的提高了生活质量。对于剩下的33人(49%)来说,不确定性仍然存在于药物是否延长了生存质量或者提高了生活质量。

研究人员概述了一些研究的局限性,这些限制可能会影响他们的研究结果,但他们说,他们的发现增加了一种可能性,即监管证据标准“不能刺激药物开发,最好能满足病人、临床医生和医疗系统的需求。”

俄勒冈健康与科学大学(OregonHealth&ScienceUniversity)助理教授维纳.普拉萨德(VinayPrasad)在一篇相关社论中说,综合起来,这些事实描绘了一幅发人深省的画面。

他呼吁在随机试验中进行严格的检测,以便在代表性人群中统治或排除以患者为中心的结果的临床意义上的差异,并表示“使用不受控制的研究设计或替代终点应为例外不是规则”。

他补充说:“癌症药物的费用和毒性意味着我们有义务让病人接受治疗,只有当他们能够合理地期望改善生存或生活质量的时候。”这些发现表明,“我们可能远远没有达到这个重要的基准。”

这一研究正值欧洲各国政府正开始严重挑战高昂的药物成本之际,英国医学杂志《英国医学杂志》(BMJ)副主编黛博拉.科恩(DeborahCohen)在一份附带的专题中说。

她列举了一些方法问题的例子,其中,EMA没有识别或忽视,包括试验设计、行为、分析和报告。

她写道:“市场上有这么多新药缺乏证据,证明他们改善了病人的结果,这一事实使政府在决定如何治疗的时候处于一个困难的境地。”“但监管机构对缺乏有力证据的比较者的制裁意味着,证据薄弱和不确定性的循环仍在继续。”

在一篇病人评论中,艾玛·罗伯逊说:“我和其他成千上万的病人都很清楚,我们目前的研究和发展模式已经失败了。”

艾玛是刚刚接受治疗的领导者,她领导的一场运动与制药业没有任何联系,他们呼吁建立一个奖励和促进创新的新系统,使更有效、更容易获得的癌症药物触手可及。

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    2018-07-14 gaoxiaoe
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    2017-10-06 天涯183

    非常好的文章.学习了

    0

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    2017-10-06 131****1460

    学习了受益匪浅

    0

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    2017-10-06 wxl882001

    学习一下

    0

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    2017-10-06 卡圣

    学习了.谢谢分享

    0

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    2017-10-06 yunger

    继续充电中.谢谢分享

    0

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