盘点:近期鼻炎治疗小结

2020-10-30 AlexYang MedSci原创

【1】Molecules:冬虫夏草菌丝培养提取物(Cs-4)对变应性鼻炎和哮喘模型鼠的抗炎作用

【1】Molecules:冬虫夏草菌丝培养提取物(Cs-4)对变应性鼻炎和哮喘模型鼠的抗炎作用

变应性鼻炎和哮喘是呼吸道常见的慢性变应性疾病,伴有IgE介导的炎症和2 型辅助性T细胞、肥大细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞的参与。冬虫夏草是一种寄生在鳞翅目幼虫上的真菌。它被认为是一种促进健康的食物,也是治疗呼吸道疾病(如哮喘和肺部炎症)的最著名的草药之一。在近期发表在Molecules期刊上的一项研究中,来自香港中文大学等单位的科学家们研究证实了冬虫夏草菌丝培养水提物Cs-4对卵清蛋白(OVA)诱导的变应性鼻炎的抗炎作用,以及Cs-4对哮喘模型大鼠的平喘作用。

研究结果显示,Cs-4抑制了经ova致敏的小鼠的鼻症状。这种抑制作用与鼻液中IgE/OVA-IgE和白介素(IL)-4/IL-13水平降低相关。Cs-4也降低了辣椒素刺激大鼠的气道反应性,改善了抓挠行为。它还降低了支气管肺泡液中血浆IgE水平,以及IgE和嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶水平。Cs-4完全抑制了大鼠肺组织中IL-4、IL-5、IL-13水平的升高。

综上所述,他们的研究结果表明,Cs-4具有缓解变应性鼻炎和哮喘的超敏反应的潜力。

【2】Drugs:孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎的疗效:系统综述和荟萃分析

在治疗变应性鼻炎时,孟鲁司特有可能作为口服抗组胺剂或鼻内皮质类固醇的替代品或添加剂使用。本系统综述评估了孟鲁司特治疗变应性鼻炎的有效性。

研究人员使用Cochrane中心从1966年到2019年1月21日登记的对照试验、EMBASE和MEDLINE进行电子文献检索。入选标准是比较孟鲁司特与安慰剂或其他标准治疗的随机对照试验。主要评估结果为日间鼻部症状评分(DNS)和夜间鼻部症状评分(NNS)。次要评估结果为综合鼻症状评分(CSS)、日间眼睛症状评分(DES)和鼻结膜炎生活质量问卷(RQLQ)。他们采用基于随机效应模型的Review Manager 5.3软件进行meta分析。

15项研究的10387名参与者符合纳入标准。结果显示,孟鲁司特改善DNS(平均差异[MD] - 0.12, 95%置信区间[CI] - 0.15 ~ - 0.08;p < 0.001)、NNS (MD - 0.09, 95% CI - 0.13 ~ - 0.05;p < 0.001)、CSS (MD - 0.08, 95% CI - 0.11 ~ - 0.06;p < 0.001)、DES (MD - 0.17, 95% CI - 0.33 ~ - 0.02;p < 0.030)和RQLQ (MD - 0.34, 95% CI - 0.49 ~ - 0.20;p < 0.001)的效果均优于安慰剂。口服抗组胺剂(OAH)改善DNS(MD 0.08, 95% CI 0.03-0.13;p = 0.002)、 CSS (MD 0.03, 95% CI - 0.02 ~ 0.07;p = 0.27)、DES (MD 0.06, 95% CI 0-0.12;p = 0.040),和RQLQ (MD 0.03, 95% CI - 0.05 ~ 0.12;p = 0.430)的效果优于孟鲁司特。孟鲁司特对NNS(MD -0.03, 95% CI - 0.08 ~ 0.03;p = 0.330)的改善优于口服抗组胺剂。氟替卡松鼻喷剂对DNS(MD 0.71, 95% CI 0.44-0.99;p < 0.001)和NNS (MD 0.63, 95% CI 0.29-0.97;p < 0.001)的改善效果优于孟鲁司特。孟鲁司特联合口服抗组胺剂改善DNS(MD - 0.15, 95% CI - 0.27 ~ - 0.03; p = 0.010)、NNS (MD - 0.16, 95% CI - 0.28 ~ - 0.05;p = 0.006)、CSS (MD - 0.12, 95% CI - 0.25~- 0.01;p = 0.070、DES (MD - 0.12, 95% CI - 0.30 - 0.06;;p = 0.180)和RQLQ (MD - 0.10, 95% CI - 0.28 - 0.08;p = 0.290)的效果优于口服抗组胺剂。孟鲁司特联合OAH改善DNS(MD 0.15, 95% CI 0.08-0.21; p < 0.001)、NNS (MD 0.05, 95% CI - 0.09 ~ 0.19;p = 0.510)、CSS (MD 0.1, 95% CI 0.03-0.17;p = 0.007)、 DES (MD 0.18, 95% CI 0-0.36;p = 0.050)和RQLQ (MD 0.07 95% CI - 0.15 ~ 0.29;p = 0.530)的效果优于孟鲁司特。

该研究表明,对于变应性鼻炎的整体症状,孟鲁司特比安慰剂更有效,而孟鲁司特与口服抗组胺药联合治疗优于单独口服抗组胺药或孟鲁司特联合治疗。

【3】Allergy Asthma Immunol Res:氯喹治疗能够抑制粘膜炎症

Toll样受体9(TLR9)信号通路参与了鼻息肉慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)的发病过程。最近,有研究人员评估了TLR9途径抑制剂氯喹对CRS小鼠的治疗潜力。

研究人员将小鼠分为4个治疗组:对照组、鼻息肉(NP)、氯喹治疗(NP+Chlq)、地塞米松治疗(NP+Dexa)组。研究结果发现,嗜酸性NPs(EPs)患者的IFN-α和IFN-β mRNA水平显著高于健康对照或非EP患者。与对照组、NP+Chlq组、NP+Dexa组相比,NP组的息肉评分、上皮厚度、黏膜厚度、鼻黏膜中嗜酸粒细胞数量均显著更高。NP+Chlq或NP+Dexa能显著抑制NP组I型IFN和BAFF表达的诱导;这些处理还能显著抑制NP组TLR9、HMGB1、干扰素调节因子、白细胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β、肿瘤坏死因子-α和Th细胞因子表达的诱导。另外,NP组分泌的抗dsDNA免疫球蛋白G(IgG)水平也显著高于对照组、NP+Chlq组和NP+Dexa组。BAFF与IFN-α/β的mRNA水平/抗dsDNA IgG的蛋白水平之间有显著的正相关关系。

最后,研究人员指出,氯喹可用于治疗嗜酸粒细胞CRS患者。

【4】Int Arch Allergy Immunol:过敏性鼻炎儿童特异性舌下免疫治疗安全性的风险因素研究

良好的依从性往往归因于舌下免疫疗法(SLIT)的良好疗效和安全性。然而,很少有关于儿童SLIT治疗安全性的研究。

最近,有研究人员调查了预治疗参数以预测接受SLIT儿童的安全性情况。研究共包括了601名接受SLIT治疗的过敏性鼻炎(AR)儿童被。研究人员收集了基线临床资料和实验室参数,记录并评估了临床反应和不良事件(AEs),并建立了一个多变量逻辑回归模型来确认AEs的预测因子。研究结果发现,75名儿童(13.8%)报告了AEs。多变量逻辑回归分析表明,血清特异性IgE(s-IgE)水平与AEs的发生显著相关。ROC分析表明,血清s-IgE水平>21.6 IU/mL对预测安全性具有最佳的敏感性(83.7%)和特异性(76.7%)。

最后,研究人员指出,血清s-IgE水平与儿童SLIT的安全性显著相关,这可能对SLIT之前患者选择有所帮助。

【5】J Allergy Clin Immunol:300°IR舌下片是一种有效的、安全的治疗屋尘螨引起的过敏性鼻炎的方法

最近,有研究人员评估了屋尘螨:粉尘满 1:1提取物的300反应指数(IR)舌下片剂在中度至重度HDM诱导AR的青少年(年龄≥12岁)和成人中的疗效和安全性情况。

在一项III期、国际、双盲、安慰剂对照、随机临床试验中,参与者接受安慰剂或300°IR片剂治疗约12个月。研究人员将1607名参与者随机分配,其中1476人(包括555人(37.6%)在入选时伴有轻度可控哮喘)组成完整的分析集。研究发现,在主要评价期内,300°IR组的最小二乘平均aTCS(3.62)显著低于安慰剂组(4.35)(P<0.0001),相对最小二乘平均差异为-16.9%[95%CI:-24.0%;-9.2%]。相对于安慰剂组,300°IR组所有预设的次要终点均得到持续改善。另外,300°IR片总体上耐受性良好。治疗相关的不良事件(主要是轻度或中度的局部反应)在300°IR片组有51.0%的患者出现,安慰剂组有14.9%的患者出现。

最后,研究人员指出,300°IR舌下含服HDM片是一种有效、安全的治疗HDM诱发的AR的方法。

【6】J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract:糠酸氟替卡松鼻喷雾剂在中度至重度、持续性、常年性过敏性鼻炎患者中的按需使用与常规使用的比较

鼻内皮质类固醇(INCS)治疗常年性过敏性鼻炎(PAR)均建议定期使用。然而,还没有研究评估 "按需 "使用。最近,有研究人员比较了中度至重度PAR患者按需使用和定期使用INCS的疗效情况。

在一项为期6周的随机对照试验中,参与者被分配到糠酸氟替卡松(FF)鼻腔喷雾剂(27.5μg),每天2次喷雾,持续1周,然后再按需使用(FF-as-needed)5周,或每天2次喷雾,持续6周(FF-regular)。主要结果是鼻部症状总分(TNSS)的变化。次要结果是鼻腔吸气峰流量(NPIF)、鼻结膜炎生活质量-36问卷评分(RCQ-36)和累计FF剂量的变化。研究共包括了103名患者完成了研究,其中51名按需使用FF,52名定期使用FF。研究发现,第6周两组TNSS平均变化差异不显著(1.21分;95%CI,-0.08~2.49;P=0.066)。FF-常规组的TNSS趋向于较大的改善。FF常规组在第6周的NPIF平均变化高于FF按需组(-19.21 L/min;95%CI,-33.54,-4.89;P=0.009)。两组的RCQ-36改善情况相似。FF按需组的平均累计FF剂量是FF常规组的51 %。

最后,研究人员指出,按需使用和定期使用INCS对PAR患者的TNSS和RCQ-36有相似的改善。但按需使用的INCS累积量是常规使用的一半。

 

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    2021-11-25 keke123

    学习了

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    2021-09-08 keke123

    学习了

    0

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    2021-07-03 wml_guyue

    学习了ᵎ(•̀㉨•́)و ̑̑ 加油

    0

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    2021-03-24 呆子

    按需使用对比常规使用

    0

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    2020-10-30 123cd7a6m21暂无昵称

    学习了

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    2020-10-30 Psycho.Dr Du

    过敏性鼻炎患者来报道#鼻炎#

    0

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