Cell重磅:刘如谦开发新型类病毒载体,安全高效进行体内基因编辑

2022-01-18 王聪 “E药世界”公众号

提到刘如谦,我们首先想到的就是碱基编辑(Base Editor)和先导编辑(Prime Editor)等新型基因编辑工具。不同于CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑,刘如谦团队开发的一系列精准基因编辑工具。

提到刘如谦,我们首先想到的就是碱基编辑(Base Editor)和先导编辑(Prime Editor)等新型基因编辑工具。不同于CRISPR-Cas9基因编辑,刘如谦团队开发的一系列精准基因编辑工具,不会导致DNA双链断裂(DSB),因此被认为更安全,也更具有临床应用价值。

除了在科研领域接连取得重突破以外,刘如谦还创建了多个基因编辑和治疗领域公司,其创立的基于碱基编辑(Base Editor)的公司 Beam Therapeutics,近日宣布将在今年下半年开展首个人体临床试验,治疗镰状细胞病和β-地中海贫血。其创立的基于先导编辑(Prime Editor)的 Prime Medicine 也获得了超3亿美元大额融资。

对于基因治疗而来,除了基因编辑工具本身,递送载体也同样重要。目前在临床应用的递送载体主要可以分为病毒载体(慢病毒、AAV等)和非病毒载体(LNP等)。但目前这些载体都存在一些不足之处,例如慢病毒载体只能用于体外对细胞的递送,而AVV载体容量较低(只能容纳4.7K碱基长度),而LNP目前只能靶向肝脏等少数器官。

2022年1月11日,刘如谦(David Liu)团队在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 发表了题为:Engineered virus-like particles for efficient in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins 的研究论文。

刘如谦团队开发了一种工程化类病毒颗粒(Engineered virus-like particles,eVLP),能够克服蛋白复合物递送的多个瓶颈

1)eVLP是无DNA的,直接递送基因编辑器的核糖核蛋白(RNP),且脱靶性最小;

2)eVLP递送的碱基编辑对小鼠肝脏63%的细胞进行了有效编辑,将血清中PCSK9水平降低了78%;

3)eVLP递送的碱基编辑改善了遗传性失明小鼠模型的视觉。

基因编辑组分以核糖核蛋白(RNP)的形式在体内递送,相比于直接递送核酸,更具安全性优势

在这项研究中,刘如谦团队开发了工程化的无DNA类病毒颗粒(eVLP),这种类病毒颗粒,是在逆转录病毒的基础上做了大量改造和优化,以克服包装、递送和释放中的瓶颈,这篇论文中的是第四代eVLP,可以有效包装和递送碱基编辑器和CRISPR-Cas9的核糖核蛋白(RNP)形式。能够在人类细胞、小鼠原代细胞和多种小鼠器官和组织(肝脏、大脑、眼睛)中进行有效的基因编辑。

在eVLP中,通过使用不同的糖蛋白,可以改变它们的细胞和器官靶向性。将eVLP单次注射到小鼠体内,可以在不同的器官上进行有效的基因编辑。

刘如谦团队使用eVLP递送了碱基编辑器(Base Editor)的核糖核蛋白(RNP),能够成功编辑63%的小鼠肝脏细胞,并将血清中PCSK9蛋白的水平降低78%。PCSK9基因表达的PCSK9蛋白能够与与肝细胞表面的LDL受体(LDL-R)结合,使LDL-R降解,从而升高血浆中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。降低PCSK9基因的表达或抑制PCSK9蛋白与LDL-R的结合,就能降低血浆中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,从而预防血管疾病的发生。

刘如谦团队还对人类先天性黑蒙症小鼠模型进行了验证,实验结果显示,eVLP递送的碱基编辑器(Base Editor)的核糖核蛋白(RNP)能够有效修复这种遗传性失明小鼠模型中的基因突变位点,并部分恢复小鼠的视力。

此外,刘如谦团队还对eVLP递送的体外和体内基因编辑的DNA水平和RNA水平的脱靶情况进行了检测,检测结果显示,无论是DNA还是RNA水平,几乎都没有检测到脱靶,相比使用AAV病毒或质粒载体递送优势明显。

总的来说,这些研究结果表明,工程化类病毒颗粒(eVLP)可作为一种有潜力的治疗性大分子递送载体,它结合了病毒和非病毒递送的关键优势,能够将基因编辑工具递送到细胞和器官,实现高效基因编辑,且具有最低的脱靶效应,安全性很高

原始出处:

Samagya Banskota, et al. Engineered virus-like particles for efficient in vivo delivery of therapeutic proteins. Cell,January 11, 2022.

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    2022-05-12 维他命
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    2022-06-17 mei539
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    2022-01-20 xxxx1054

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自2012年诞生以来,由细菌/古菌的防御系统改造而来的CRISPR基因编辑技术就吸引了全世界科学家的目光,在CRISPR技术的帮助下,人们得以快速精准地操纵基因、改变生命。摆脱遗传病、攻克癌症...这

基因编辑的未来遭质疑,因严重安全问题,FDA暂停基于基因编辑的CAR-T临床试验!

自2012年诞生以来,由细菌/古菌的防御系统改造而来的CRISPR基因编辑技术就吸引了全世界科学家的目光,在CRISPR技术的帮助下,人们得以快速精准地操纵基因、改变生命。