先天性多数恒牙缺失伴牙齿形态异常1例

2018-10-09 李春光 冯燕 西南医科大学学报

患者,男,10岁。因牙齿发育缓慢来院就诊。面部外观:上下颌骨发育不良,呈凹面型。口内检查:混合牙列。52、81、71、72乳牙已脱落,但未见相应继承恒牙12、41、31、32萌出。11、21牙齿形态异常,为过小牙。其余牙齿牙冠结构正常。

1.临床资料
 
患者,男,10岁。因牙齿发育缓慢来院就诊。面部外观:上下颌骨发育不良,呈凹面型。口内检查:混合牙列。52、81、71、72乳牙已脱落,但未见相应继承恒牙12、41、31、32萌出。11、21牙齿形态异常,为过小牙。其余牙齿牙冠结构正常。
 
口腔黏膜正常,牙周组织未见异常。全口牙位曲面体层片示:12、15、22、25、31、32、35、41、42、45牙胚缺失。18、28、38、48处未能观察到牙胚或钙化影像。16、26、36、46牙髓腔形态异常,为牛牙样牙(图1)
 
图1  患者全口牙位曲面体层片
 
全身检查:营养发育正常,智力正常,皮肤、毛发、指甲、皮脂腺、汗腺未见异常,四肢、心肺、脊柱未见发育异常。
 
病史调查:否认拔牙史、全身性疾病史。父母非近亲结婚,身体健康。母亲妊娠时无x线照射史,无服药时,未患全身性疾病。家族中无先天缺牙病史,无骨骼系统发育异常史,也无家族系统性病史。
 
2.讨论
 
大多数的牙齿先天缺失主要受遗传因素影响,认为是一种常染色体显性遗传病。过小牙的病因也大多与遗传有关,如绝大多数的外胚叶发育完全的遗传病,有的却是综合征的一个表现。而牛牙样牙病因尚不清楚,但有人推测可能也与遗传有关,如无汗的外胚叶发育异常、毛牙骨综合征等。近年来有大量研究证明成对盒基因9(paired box gene 9,PXA9)和肌节同源盒基因1(muscle segment homeobox gene 1,MSXl),其各自发生突变均可引起先天性缺牙。还有研究指出DLX3基因的移码突变与牛牙样牙及先天性牙缺失的发生密切相关。但本病例缺乏遗传学的相关资料,难以确定遗传因素在本病例中扮演了何种角色。
 
先天缺牙、过小牙及牛牙样牙的发生不仅由遗传因素控制,后天和环境因素也起到了重要的作用,如下颔骨感染也被认为是牛牙样牙发生的原因之一。本病例患儿在幼儿期常患扁桃体炎、肺炎等疾病,某些药物或病毒可能会导致患儿基因发生突变,具体原因尚待通过基因定位检测加以证实。本病例患儿除多数恒牙先天缺失外同时又伴有过小牙及牛牙样牙的牙齿形态异常,实属罕见。

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    2018-10-11 huirong
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    2018-10-11 zhouqu_8
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    2018-10-11 zhaozuguo
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    2018-10-09 医者仁心5538

    学习了

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