Sci Adv:人为什么会近视?杨雄里院士团队揭示自感光视网膜神经节细胞可能是关键

2022-06-13 复旦大学脑科学研究院 复旦大学脑科学研究院

这项工作首次清楚地阐明了ipRGC在眼球发育及近视形成中的重要作用。

复旦大学脑科学研究院/医学神经生物学国家重点实验室杨雄里院士领导的科研团队,最近对近视机制的研究取得重要进展,首次揭示了一类特殊的视网膜神经节细胞——ipRGC(intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell)在近视形成中的重要作用,论文“The Role of ipRGCs in Ocular Growth and Myopia Development”于2022年6月8日发表于国际权威综合性科学期刊Science Advances(https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm9027)。

近视(myopia)是一种极为普遍的视觉疾患,其发病率不断攀升,已累及全世界人口的三分之一。近视机制的研究是建立有效的近视防控策略的基础,是社会的重大需求。在众多的近视机制研究中,杨雄里院士团队独辟蹊径,专注于ipRGC的作用。这类细胞是视网膜神经节细胞中特殊的一类,它们作为输出神经元,将光感受器信号向视中枢传递;不仅如此,它们又因表达一种特有的视色素——视黑质(melanopsin)而本身对光敏感,故称为“自感光视网膜神经节细胞”(ipRGC)。这类细胞发现于21世纪初,被Science杂志评为2002年的“十大科学突破”之一。

ipRGC细胞又分为多种类型,2019年Satchidananda Panda教授课题组在人体内找到了三种全新的ipRGC细胞,这三种细胞能让大脑区分白昼与黑夜。这三种全新细胞的发现回答了关于生物钟的一些疑问,同时再次证明了光对于生物钟有着非常重要的调节作用。如果看不见光,生物钟就容易出现紊乱。即在睡觉前多看电脑和手机屏幕,接触了太多的蓝光,就有可能影响睡眠质量;而清晨的阳光会促进我们从熟睡中醒来。研究还解释了为何一些看不见东西的盲人,也能保持良好的睡眠/清醒节律,答案就是盲人或许缺乏视锥或视杆细胞,但却依旧有负责感光的ipRGC。正是这些细胞的存在,才让他们能够维持良好的昼夜节律。

在杨雄里院士的指导下,翁史钧研究员与钟咏梅研究员配合,率领研究生团队,基于形觉剥夺的小鼠近视模型,应用多学科技术对ipRGC在小鼠的屈光发育及近视形成中的作用进行了系统的研究。

实验表明,以免疫毒素选择性损毁小鼠ipRGC,或通过化学遗传学技术将其特异激活,使发育中的小鼠分别出现显著的近视性或远视性屈光偏移。

进一步的实验显示,ipRGC所含的视黑质信号及常规光感受器信号分别通过调制眼轴长度和角膜曲率影响眼球的发育。尤其值得注意的是,形觉剥夺眼ipRGC的视黑质蛋白表达水平及其介导的光反应幅度均出现上调,而将视黑质敲除,或将小鼠饲养于480 nm波长光(视黑质的最大激发波长)阙如的环境中造成视黑质激活程度的下调后,形觉剥夺诱导近视的效应显著减小。

这项工作首次清楚地阐明了ipRGC在眼球发育及近视形成中的重要作用,受到了评审专家的高度评价,也为未来近视干预策略的研发提供了新思路。

杨雄里、翁史钧、钟咏梅为该论文共同通讯作者;十二名研究生及技术人员参与了本项研究,刘爱林为论文的第一作者。

原始出处:

Liu AL, Liu YF, Wang G, Shao YQ, Yu CX, Yang Z, Zhou ZR, Han X, Gong X, Qian KW, Wang LQ, Ma YY, Zhong YM, Weng SJ, Yang XL.The role of ipRGCs in ocular growth and myopia development.Sci Adv . 2022 Jun 10;8(23):eabm9027. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.abm9027

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    2022-06-13 ms1000000513188866

    这个发现真是太伟大了,希望不久的将来可以防控近视

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1677135, encodeId=a46616e713514, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=bef2e45293b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#神经节细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=41, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=74529, encryptionId=bef2e45293b, topicName=神经节细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=4c37265, createdName=zhaojie88, createdTime=Mon Aug 15 18:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-08-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1801580, encodeId=fd9c180158068, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=9cd690e860a' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜神经#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90786, encryptionId=9cd690e860a, topicName=视网膜神经)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c2b4297, createdName=徐岩, createdTime=Mon Oct 24 17:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-10-24, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1751417, encodeId=d1151e51417a6, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=b78f90e9452' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜神经节细胞#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=39, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90794, encryptionId=b78f90e9452, topicName=视网膜神经节细胞)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=babc36309627, createdName=wumeihua100, createdTime=Sun Oct 30 09:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-10-30, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226109, encodeId=520812261096a, content=这个发现真是太伟大了,希望不久的将来可以防控近视, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=46, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=1cb55399641, createdName=ms1000000513188866, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 08:57:05 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1226083, encodeId=7a9912260839a, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=a46a94293c9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#近视#</a>未来可以用相关药物治疗,存在可能了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=60, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=94293, encryptionId=a46a94293c9, topicName=近视)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/Random/55971dc507c93968175ce7cc1e177b372a83869f.jpg, createdBy=f63e4754896, createdName=小小医者, createdTime=Mon Jun 13 05:51:35 CST 2022, time=2022-06-13, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1270305, encodeId=e9dd12e030538, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=979690e33bd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#视网膜#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=43, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=90733, encryptionId=979690e33bd, topicName=视网膜)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=742793, createdName=zutt, createdTime=Sun Jun 12 02:30:05 CST 2022, time=2022-06-12, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-06-13 小小医者

    #近视#未来可以用相关药物治疗,存在可能了

    0

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    2022-06-12 zutt

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