Nat Metab :研究证实,慢性炎症导致NAD+减少,CD38才是关键

2020-11-20 生物世界 Bio生物世界

研究发现,慢性炎症是导致NAD+含量减少的驱动因素。衰老相关炎症诱导巨噬细胞中CD38的表达,是与年龄相关的NAD+水平下降的原因。

众所周知,ATP是生物体内的能量货币,那么NAD+又是什么呢?NAD+及其还原形式NADH是机体内重要的生物氢的载体和电子供体,与ATP合成密不可分,并在维持细胞生长、分化和能量代谢以及细胞保护等方面发挥着重要作用。

NAD+(烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸)是一种与衰老相关的关键代谢物,其含量会随着年龄的增长而不断减少。不少研究表明,补充NAD+或NAD+的前体物质β-烟酰胺单核苷酸(NMN),能够显着逆转小鼠衰老,延长其寿命。

虽然尚未得到临床证实,且价格高昂,但这并不影响富人们对长生不老的追求,李嘉诚、巴菲特等富豪不仅服用NAD+前体NMN,还巨额投资了其研发生产公司ChromaDex。这也导致了NAD+相关保健品的热销,甚至被人成为“长生不老药”。

近日,美国巴克衰老研究所的研究人员在 Nature 子刊 Nature Metabolism 杂志上发表题为:Senescent cells promote tissue NAD+ decline during ageing via the activation of CD38+ macrophages 的研究论文。

这项研究发现,慢性炎症是导致NAD+含量减少的驱动因素。随着细胞的衰老,其代谢负担越来越重,衰老的细胞则会通过一种存在于许多免疫细胞内部和表面细胞膜上的蛋白质——CD38(环ADP核糖水解酶)的激活,进而导致NAD+的降解。

文章的通讯作者、巴克研究所主任 Eric Verdin 表示,这些发现非常令人兴奋,NAD+减少和慢性炎症这两种现象分别与衰老和年龄相关疾病有关,二者相互交织的事实为衰老提供了一个更全面、更系统的方法,CD38巨噬细胞作为两者之间联系的中介的发现为我们提供了一个新的治疗干预目标。

很早以前,科学家们就已经意识到NAD+水平会随着年龄的增长而下降,但不清楚的是,这种下降是由于NAD+生成减少,还是因代谢分解而损失。如今,这项研究表明,至少在某些情况下,NAD+的减少是因代谢分解造成的。

NAD+代谢示意图

换句话说,NAD+的含量水平就像是一个蓄水池,现在发现蓄水池的水位在随着时间流逝而不断下降,并且这是水槽漏水导致的。虽然加水或许可以在一定程度上解决问题,但那终究是治标不治本。

对此,通讯作者 Eric Verdin 表示:“如果不处理泄漏而只是一味地填充水槽将不足以解决这个问题。我们初步的研究数据表明,在老年动物中阻断CD38的活性可以恢复特定组织中的NAD+水平。”

在这项研究中,研究人员发现在衰老和急性炎症反应期间,促炎M1巨噬细胞在代谢组织(包括内脏白色脂肪组织和肝脏)中积累,而不是初始或M2巨噬细胞。这些M1样巨噬细胞可以表达高水平的NADH降解酶——CD38,从而降低组织的NAD+水平。

在衰老过程中,促炎M1巨噬细胞在代谢组织中积累

除此之外,研究人员还发现,衰老细胞由于DNA损伤而停止分裂,会分泌大量促炎蛋白,称为衰老相关分泌表型(SASP)。进化选择细胞衰老作为对抗癌症的保护措施,但是随着衰老细胞在组织中的积累,SASP会导致低程度的慢性炎症,这些炎性蛋白在SASP中诱导巨噬细胞增殖、表达CD38和降解NAD+。

与年龄相关的炎症是如何增强NAD降解的示意图

NAD+与能量的关系就像是运钞车与钱,如果运钞车变少了,那么整个经济就会停滞不前,一切都崩溃了,如今这项研究表明,靶向SASP或CD38的药物或可为我们提供另一种方法来解决NAD+的下降,从而抵抗衰老。

总而言之,NAD+存在于每个细胞中,并在细胞的能量代谢过程中发挥着重要作用,而这项的研究表明,随着年龄的增长,因衰老细胞在组织中的积累而导致的慢性炎症才是NAD+减少的关键原因,并将指导新的靶向疗法的开发。

值得一提的是,本期的 Nature Metabolism 上还有一篇类似研究,文章题为:CD38 ecto-enzyme in immune cells is induced during aging and regulates NAD+ and NMN levels,由美国梅奥医学中心罗伯特和阿琳·科戈德衰老研究中心的Eduardo N. Chini领导的研究团队完成。

这项研究同样表明,衰老诱导的炎症促进免疫细胞中CD38的积累,CD38通过外酶活性降低NMN和NAD+的水平,进一步佐证了Eric Verdin等人的研究。

总的来说,这两项研究均表明,衰老相关炎症诱导巨噬细胞中CD38的表达,是与年龄相关的NAD+水平下降的原因。

这也提示了我们,之前聚焦于恢复或补充NAD+来抗衰老的方法,或许并非最佳选择。NAD+的含量水平就像是一个蓄水池,随着年龄的增大,蓄水池水位不断下降,只是去加水,而不修补漏洞,终究是治标不治本,靶向CD38,从而抑制NAD+的下降,或许是更好的抗衰老方法。

梅斯小提示:

目前CD38的单抗,如达雷妥尤单抗,Isatuximab主要用于治疗骨髓瘤,至少目前未发现它们的抗衰老作用。CD38在多发性骨髓瘤中高度表达,抗CD38单克隆抗体达雷妥尤单抗的成功引入进一步改善了MM患者的生存。MOR202是一种新型人源抗CD38单克隆抗体,在临床前多发性骨髓瘤模型中表现出较高的体外和体内抗肿瘤活性。MOR202通过抗体依赖性细胞毒性反应(ADCC)和抗体依赖性细胞吞噬作用(ADCP)诱导多发性骨髓瘤细胞裂解,但不诱导补体依赖性细胞毒性反应(CDC,在其他试验中观察到CDC可能与输注相关反应有关)。

靶向CD38能否抗衰老,从临床上看,并没有这么简单

原始出处:

[1]Anthony J Covarrubias 1 2, Abhijit Kale 1, Rosalba Perrone 1, et al.Senescent cells promote tissue NAD + decline during ageing via the activation of CD38 + macrophages.Nat Metab. 2020 Nov;2(11):1265-1283. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-00305-3. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

[2]Claudia C S Chini 1, Thais R Peclat 1, Gina M Warner 1,et al.CD38 ecto-enzyme in immune cells is induced during aging and regulates NAD + and NMN levels.Nat Metab. 2020 Nov;2(11):1284-1304. doi: 10.1038/s42255-020-00298-z. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

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    2022-01-13 ms2000001213151130

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    2021-04-21 一闲
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    2021-01-17 guojianrong
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    2020-11-30 liye789132251
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    2020-11-24 ms2000001423497440

    0

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    2020-11-21 lovetcm

    #CD38#它的单抗能抗#衰老#?

    2

    展开2条回复
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    2020-11-22 pandamao2016

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结直肠癌(CRC)是全球癌症死亡的第三大主要原因。 CRC发生和发展的原因很复杂,可能包括环境暴露,饮食和遗传因素之间的复杂相互作用。大肠癌(CRC)的发生与肠道菌群有关。