Neurology:慢性卒中后失语症患者周围神经可塑性缺失

2022-06-25 Naomi MedSci原创

近日,一项发表在Neurology上的研究试图在两组既往有失语症诊断的患者中,采用两个任务以检验周围神经可塑性假说。该研究没有发现任何证据表明失语症患者的周围神经组织除典型语言功能还有神经可塑性募集。

卒中是永久性残疾的主要原因,并且后遗症部分由病变的大小和部位决定。然而,恢复的一个重要驱动因素被认为是病变边界以外残余组织的神经重组。明确这种可塑性的机制是失语症神经康复研究取得进展的必要条件,并提出了若干机制。

目前的理论认为,周围组织的神经可塑性募集支持失语症的恢复,特别是当语言能力的皮层被较小的病变所保留时。这个理论很少被直接检验,结果也不确定。近日,一项发表在Neurology上的研究试图在两组既往有失语症诊断的患者中,采用两个任务以检验周围神经可塑性假说。

共有82名既往有失语症诊断的慢性左半球卒中患者和82名对照参与者使用越南任务或可靠的语义决策任务进行测试。个体化的病灶周围组织通过扩张解剖病变来定义,语言区域通过 meta 分析来定义。组间活动差异的混合建模考试。检查病灶大小与失语症严重程度的关系。

  • 相对于对照组,患者在两项任务中都表现出周围语言组织活动减少。
  • 虽然不管距离病变远近,一些皮层区域表现出更大的活性,或只有当远离病变,没有区域表现出活性增加。较大的病变与语言活动减少有关,而与病变的距离无关。
  • 可靠的任务性功能fMRI提示,减少与失语症严重程度相关的语言活动,与病灶大小无关。

该研究没有发现任何证据表明失语症患者的周围组织除了在语言中的典型作用之外还有神经可塑性的募集。或者,该研究结果与另一种假设相一致,即恢复期间左侧大脑半球激活的变化与语言网络功能障碍的规范化以及可能招募替代皮层处理器有关。这些结果阐明了左侧大脑半球神经发育机制支持脑卒中后语言恢复。

文献来源:Yoshimura H, Tanaka T, Fukuma K, et al. Impact of Seizure Recurrence on 1-Year Functional Outcome and Mortality in Patients With Poststroke Epilepsy [published online ahead of print, 2022 May 4]. Neurology. 2022;10.1212/WNL.0000000000200609. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000200609

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    2023-03-09 yinhl1978
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