Radiology:胸部CT定量评估急性SARS-CoV-2感染后小气道病变的存在

2022-08-16 shaosai MedSci原创

早期报告显示,超过50%的SARS-CoV-2感染的成年幸存者会出现COVID-19的急性后遗症(PASC),或 "长期COVID "。

严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)是引起COVID-19的罪魁祸首,主要感染呼吸道,产生包括急性呼吸窘迫综合症引起的呼吸衰竭等严重并发症。严重COVID-19幸存者的肺功能异常在急性疾病缓解后持续数周至数月。此外,在严重感染后的肺部影像学检查中经常会发现肺实质的异常。

早期报告显示,超过50%的SARS-CoV-2感染的成年幸存者会出现COVID-19的急性后遗症(PASC),或 "长COVID "。近30%的PASC患者有呼吸道症状,包括咳嗽和呼吸困难。然而临床上尚不明确SARS-CoV-2感染对这些患者的长期影响,但鉴于全世界有数百万的感染者,因此对医疗系统产生巨大的潜在影响是。

近日,发表Radiology杂志的一项研究探讨了持续症状的SARS-CoV-2感染患者是否存在小气道病变,为早期的干预及评估提供了参考依据。

本项研究在2020年6月-12月期间前瞻性地招募了确诊的COVID-19成人患者这些患者均在诊断后仍有症状>30天,并与2018年3月至8月期间前瞻性地招募的健康参与者(对照组)进行比较。患有COVID-19急性后遗症(PASC)的参与者根据急性感染期间接受的最高级别护理被分为流动的、住院的或需要重症监护室(ICU)的。收集了症状、肺功能测试和胸部CT图像,并使用监督式机器学习进行CT定量分析,以测量区域性的磨玻璃不透明(GGO),并通过吸气和呼气图像匹配来测量区域性的空气捕集。使用单变量分析和多变量线性回归进行各组比较

本研究评估了100名PASC患者(中位年龄,48岁;66名女性),并与106名匹配的健康对照组进行比较。67%(67/100)的PASC患者被归类为非住院治疗,17%(17/100)住院治疗,16%(16/100)需要在ICU治疗。在住院组和ICU组中,被归类为GGO的总肺平均百分比分别为13.2%和28.7%,高于非住院组(3.7%,两个比较的P<.001)。非卧床组、住院组和ICU组受空气潴留影响的总肺的平均百分比为25.4%、34.6%和27.3%,健康对照组为7.2%(p<.001)。空气潴留与残余容积与总肺容量之比(RV/TLC;r=0.6,p<.001)相关。


 该图显示了具有代表性的平扫胸部CT图像,这些图像来自于患有COVID-19急性后遗症(PASC)的不同参与者。每一行代表来自单个参与者的图像,包括吸气至总肺容量(TLC)和呼气至残余容积(RV)时获得的轴向(左列)和冠状(右列)层面。40岁女性(非卧床组)在COIVD-19诊断后7个月获得的吸气和呼气图像。在第一行,吸气图像是正常的,但呼气图像显示了多个空气潴留区域(黑色箭头)。在第二行,一个48岁的男性(非卧床组)在诊断COVID-19两个月后获得的吸气图像(黑色箭头)上显示了广泛的双肺GGO。这些区域在呼气图像上有较高的衰减,证实了GGO的存在。第三行是一位70岁的男性(ICU组)在诊断COVID-19后五周获得的图像,显示了纤维化与间质增厚的线性区域(黑色箭头)、牵引性支气管扩张(红色箭头)和支气管血管集束的容积损失(红色箭头)

本研究表明,无论最初感染的严重程度如何,PASC患者会在影像学检查上表现出很高的持久性空气潴留的发生率。肺活量测定法常常漏掉空气潴留,但使用吸气和呼气CT成像和胸腔镜可以发现。

 

原文出处:

Josalyn L Cho,Raul Villacreses,Prashant Nagpal,et al.Quantitative Chest CT Assessment of Small Airways Disease in Post-Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection.DOI:10.1148/radiol.212170

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    2023-07-30 hukaixun
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    2022-08-18 小刀医生
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    2022-08-18 lq1768
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    2022-08-16 屋顶瞄爱赏月

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CT成像中常见的是偶发性肺结节(ILN),在CT血管造影中高达13%,在所有胸部CT扫描中为24%。

European Radiology:基于形态变化动态模式的胸部CT肺结节检测方法

现阶段,胸部计算机断层扫描(CT)已广泛用于肺部结节的筛查。为了协助CT扫描的图像阅读,人们提出了各种计算机辅助检测(CADe)方法。

European Radiology:对肺结节的筛查,低剂量胸部CT究竟该如何选择?

尽管据调查,肺癌近几年的发病率有所下降,但仍占全世界癌症死亡人数的近四分之一。关于肺癌筛查的主要关注点之一是重复的CT检查所带来的累积辐射剂量。因此,需要进一步优化的CT筛查方案引入临床。

刘敏教授:手把手教你读懂胸部CT

刘敏教授-中日友好医院