JACC:北大医院霍勇教授等发现,这些高血压患者补叶酸,卒中风险降七层

2018-05-09 佚名 康健新视野

近日,北京大学第一医院霍勇教授等在《美国心脏病学会杂志》发文指出,中国高血压患者, 如果出现低血小板和高同型半胱氨酸血症,预示首次卒中的风险增加, 而补充叶酸可以大大降低首次卒中风险。

近日,北京大学第一医院霍勇教授等在《美国心脏病学会杂志》发文指出,中国高血压患者, 如果出现低血小板和高同型半胱氨酸血症,预示首次卒中的风险增加, 而补充叶酸可以大大降低首次卒中风险。

卒中是世界范围内第二大死因,也是中国死亡的头号死因。大约 77% 的卒中是首发事件,所以,特别需要优化卒中一级预防措施。

霍勇教授团队引领了叶酸预防高血压卒中新方向。

他早先领导发表的中国卒中一级预防试验(CSPPT)研究表明,补充叶酸,可以通过降低同型半胱氨酸水平,从而让成人高血压患者的首次卒中风险降低了 21%。同型半胱氨酸升高,是血管疾病的风险因素。

而本次最新发表的研究,首次大规模分析了高同型半胱氨酸和血小板计数,这两种心血管危险因素综合作用,对于高血压患者的首次卒中风险的影响。


该研究作者、北京大学第一医院霍勇教授(图片来源:北京大学第一医院官网)

研究人员分析了来自 CSPPT 研究中的 10,789 例高血压患者数据,第一组 5,408 名患者使用了依那普利联合叶酸补充剂,第二组中 5,381 名患者仅接受依那普利。

中位随访 4.2 年的数据显示,两组患者总共报告了 371 例首次卒中发作:依拉普利单药组发生 210 例首次卒中发作,而依拉普利联合叶酸组仅发生 161 例首次中风发作。

有趣的是,在同时伴有血小板计数降低和同型半胱氨酸水平升高的亚组患者中,叶酸的联合使用,使得首次卒中发生率从 5.6% 降至 1.8%,降低了 73% 的首次卒中风险。然而,对于高血小板血症合并低同型半胱氨酸水平的患者,叶酸的使用并未显着降低首次卒中风险。


高同型半胱氨血症且血小板低高血压患者,补充叶酸预防卒中特别有效的生物学机制(图片来源:JACC)

对于这一现象,研究者解释了可能的机理。总同型半胱氨酸 (tHcy) 升高是内皮损伤、动脉粥样硬化和心血管疾病的已知危险因素。而血管内皮损伤会导致血小板粘附和耗竭,引发血小板计数降低,可能是反映血管内皮损伤的标志物。而叶酸能有效降低总同型半胱氨酸水平,同时具有抗氧化剂和抗炎性, 从而改善内皮功能。因此从生物学上看来, 叶酸治疗在高血压患者在出现高同型半胱氨酸血症且有血小板计数降低时,使用叶酸治疗对于预防脑卒中,可能特别有效。

“我们的研究表明,基线血小板计数和高同型半胱氨酸水平升高,可以协同增加首次卒中风险,”北京大学第一医院心脏中心主任、研究资深作者霍勇教授者说:“如果后续经过前瞻性试验进一步证实了这一发现,我们可能可以通过测量血小板和同型半胱氨酸,来发现首发卒中高风险患者,从而对这类患者及时使用安全和廉价叶酸补充剂,便可以显着降低他们的中风风险。”

“鉴于包括中国在内的许多发展中国家的卒中事件发生率很高,如果我们的研究结果得到证实,这在公共卫生领域将产生巨大价值意义。” 霍教授说:“根据我们的研究结果,我们可以检测出那些潜在卒中风险高的成人高血压患者,并根据患者个人遗传、营养和临床特征等因素,个体化选择使用叶酸补充剂。我们已走在正确的方向上,为中国及世界其他国家高血压患者,寻找具有成本效益的卒中一级预防策略。”

原始出处:

Xiangyi Kong, Xiao Huang, Min Zhao, et al. Platelet Count Affects Efficacy of Folic Acid in Preventing First Stroke. Journal of the American College of Cardiology May 15, 2018, 71 (19) 2136-2146; DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.02.072.

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    2018-09-29 hbwxf
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    2019-01-11 zhangph
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    2018-05-11 xinmeili
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    2018-05-09 健健

    卒中虽然是临床上常见病,溶栓,取栓等血管内治疗也很成熟,但是仍然有很多未知问题有待认知!

    0

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