EASD2019:用健康饮食武装糖尿病管理

2019-09-21 国际糖尿病编辑部 国际糖尿病

与西方不同,在中国常能听到“早餐要吃好,午餐要吃饱,晚餐要吃少”。这句我们挂在嘴边的俗语看似普通,实则饱含经岁月沉淀的智慧。正在巴塞罗那进行的欧洲糖尿病研究协会(EASD)年会就专门设置了饮食的话题——三餐比例的分配、饮食结构的蛋白质氨基酸组成都对糖尿病管理有着不可忽视的影响。

编者按:与西方不同,在中国常能听到“早餐要吃好,午餐要吃饱,晚餐要吃少”。这句我们挂在嘴边的俗语看似普通,实则饱含经岁月沉淀的智慧。正在巴塞罗那进行的欧洲糖尿病研究协会(EASD)年会就专门设置了饮食的话题——三餐比例的分配、饮食结构的蛋白质氨基酸组成都对糖尿病管理有着不可忽视的影响。

三餐分配对2型糖尿病影响

在人体中有种昼夜节律钟基因(CCG)负责调节葡萄糖代谢、β细胞分泌和胰岛素敏感性,可以促进白天早期的食物消化以及晚上的禁食和睡眠。整天(包括晚上)吃零食或吃东西,会导致CCG紊乱、肥胖和高血糖。有研究结果表明,高能量早餐和碳水化合物早餐上调CCG (BMAL1、PER2、CRY1和RORα)参与β细胞分泌、肌肉葡萄糖摄取和肝脏葡萄糖输出,进而改善餐后的血糖、胰岛素和GLP-1反应。三餐和大部分碳水化合物转移到一天的早些时候的饮食干预(BDiet)是否会上调CCG,导致更有效的减肥和血糖控制呢?

研究人员将2型糖尿病患者随机分为2组:1组每日三餐热量均匀供给,另1组每日三餐早餐热量较高,两组的三餐总热量值固定。12周后,早餐高热量组的患者:

减重更多:-5.4±0.9 vs. 0.26±0.3kg(P<0.05);

糖化血红蛋白降低更多:-1.2% ± 0.3% (基线8.2% ± 1%、12周时7.0% ± 0.3%) vs.  -0.2 %± 0.4% (基线7.96% ± 1%、12周时7.7% ± 0.4 %) (P<0.05) ;

空腹血糖降低更多:(基线165±7mg/dl 、12周时110±6mg/dl) vs . (基线164±8 mg/dl、12周时 141±8 mg/dl)(P=0.005) ;

24小时平均血糖降低更多:-40±10 mg/dl(基线169±23、12周时129±11 mg/dl)vs. -18±16 mg/dl(基线174±24、12周时156±20 mg/dl)(P<0.05) ;

平均夜间血糖更低(108.8±5 mg/dl vs. 141.3±13 mg/dl )(P=0.03) ;

每天高血糖(血糖>180 mg/dl)时间由8小时59分(37%)减少到3小时3分(13%)  ( P<0.01);

夜间高血糖时间由1小时18分(22%)减少到20分钟 (6%) (P<0.05)。

与全天饮食相比,高热量早餐能显著上调BMAL1、PER2、CRY1和RORα等CCG基因的表达。

该研究表明,相对高热量的早餐能有效地降低体重、糖化血红蛋白、食欲和每日及夜间血糖。高热量早餐饮食组中CCG表达的上调可增强β细胞分泌以及肌肉和肝脏胰岛素敏感性,从而改善每日和夜间的葡萄糖代谢。

支链氨基酸对2型糖尿病的影响

支链氨基酸(BCAA)包括亮氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸, 这类氨基酸通过促进胰岛素和/或生长激素释放两种特殊方式促进合成代谢(肌肉增长)。如鸡胸肉、牛肉、鸡蛋、花生等食物都富含支链氨基酸。但体循环血中BCAA增加与胰岛素抵抗和2型糖尿病(T2DM)有关。BCAA过量可能是由于能量代谢改变、BCAA代谢紊乱或饮食习惯造成的。

在一项安慰剂对照、双盲交叉试验中,给予受试者低BCAA饮食后,循环血BCAA在空腹状态降低17%(P<0.001),在高胰岛素-正糖钳夹试验期间降低13%(P<0.01),在混合餐耐量试验期间降低62%(P<0.001)。在钳夹条件下,不同饮食对全身和肝脏胰岛素敏感性的影响没有差异。而给予低BCAA饮食后,受试者口服葡萄糖敏感性指数(OGIS)升高24% (P<0.01),血清中循环成纤维细胞生长因子(FGF) 21的浓度升高21%(P< 0.05),而餐后胰岛素分泌减少28%( P<0.05)。脂肪组织表达降低13%(P<0.05),呼吸控制率(RCR)增加了1.7倍(P<0.05)。粪便微生物群富含拟杆菌,缺乏厚壁菌。

研究表明,短期低BCAA饮食可减少餐后内源性胰岛素分泌,改善白色脂肪组织代谢和肠道微生物组成。但仍需要进行长期研究来评估这一策略对糖尿病患者的安全性和代谢功效。

版权声明:
本网站所有内容来源注明为“梅斯医学”或“MedSci原创”的文字、图片和音视频资料,版权均属于梅斯医学所有。非经授权,任何媒体、网站或个人不得转载,授权转载时须注明来源为“梅斯医学”。其它来源的文章系转载文章,或“梅斯号”自媒体发布的文章,仅系出于传递更多信息之目的,本站仅负责审核内容合规,其内容不代表本站立场,本站不负责内容的准确性和版权。如果存在侵权、或不希望被转载的媒体或个人可与我们联系,我们将立即进行删除处理。
在此留言
评论区 (5)
#插入话题
  1. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931712, encodeId=90bf1931e128f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 18:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690639, encodeId=5efd16906390c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c472843a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2843, encryptionId=5c472843a1, topicName=ASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e8529069357, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sat Jul 11 23:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534122, encodeId=780b153412257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=576e643634' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6436, encryptionId=576e643634, topicName=EASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21f812527653, createdName=qilu_qi, createdTime=Mon Sep 23 02:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373026, encodeId=e72b3e3026ab, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 21:31:21 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042720, encodeId=429a1042e208b, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931712, encodeId=90bf1931e128f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 18:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690639, encodeId=5efd16906390c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c472843a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2843, encryptionId=5c472843a1, topicName=ASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e8529069357, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sat Jul 11 23:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534122, encodeId=780b153412257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=576e643634' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6436, encryptionId=576e643634, topicName=EASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21f812527653, createdName=qilu_qi, createdTime=Mon Sep 23 02:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373026, encodeId=e72b3e3026ab, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 21:31:21 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042720, encodeId=429a1042e208b, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-07-11 okhuali
  3. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931712, encodeId=90bf1931e128f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 18:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690639, encodeId=5efd16906390c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c472843a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2843, encryptionId=5c472843a1, topicName=ASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e8529069357, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sat Jul 11 23:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534122, encodeId=780b153412257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=576e643634' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6436, encryptionId=576e643634, topicName=EASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21f812527653, createdName=qilu_qi, createdTime=Mon Sep 23 02:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373026, encodeId=e72b3e3026ab, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 21:31:21 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042720, encodeId=429a1042e208b, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-09-23 qilu_qi
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931712, encodeId=90bf1931e128f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 18:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690639, encodeId=5efd16906390c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c472843a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2843, encryptionId=5c472843a1, topicName=ASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e8529069357, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sat Jul 11 23:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534122, encodeId=780b153412257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=576e643634' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6436, encryptionId=576e643634, topicName=EASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21f812527653, createdName=qilu_qi, createdTime=Mon Sep 23 02:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373026, encodeId=e72b3e3026ab, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 21:31:21 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042720, encodeId=429a1042e208b, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-09-21 qingfengqishi5

    学习了,学习了

    0

  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1931712, encodeId=90bf1931e128f, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1a76e6753b9' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#糖尿病管理#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=76753, encryptionId=1a76e6753b9, topicName=糖尿病管理)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=7ca4300, createdName=wodejia-dayu, createdTime=Wed Jul 01 18:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1690639, encodeId=5efd16906390c, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=5c472843a1' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#ASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=30, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=2843, encryptionId=5c472843a1, topicName=ASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=4e8529069357, createdName=okhuali, createdTime=Sat Jul 11 23:24:00 CST 2020, time=2020-07-11, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1534122, encodeId=780b153412257, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=576e643634' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#EASD#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=42, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=6436, encryptionId=576e643634, topicName=EASD)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=21f812527653, createdName=qilu_qi, createdTime=Mon Sep 23 02:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=373026, encodeId=e72b3e3026ab, content=学习了,学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=82, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/jW482SpianMayicTRbRZ5RzTetibytbqFDmFITWHyBWbxU7S9MYibgPSqvu0sYteH0N6zXqbU0Kf3Mbdb7yWM1Kud3zPgYBibE2SZ/0, createdBy=da7696924, createdName=qingfengqishi5, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 21:31:21 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1042720, encodeId=429a1042e208b, content=谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=51, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=misszhang, createdTime=Sat Sep 21 14:24:00 CST 2019, time=2019-09-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2019-09-21 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

    0

相关资讯

为何我们需要多吃富含Ω-3脂肪酸的食物?

除了维生素和矿物质外,富含Ω-3脂肪酸的鱼油也是人们使用最广泛的补充剂,大约10%的美国人都会服用此类补充剂;当研究人员进行综述分析时他们发现,Ω-3脂肪酸或许并不能为患心脏病的人群提供健康效益,这或许并不像此前研究人员认为的那样。研究者指出,Ω-3脂肪酸是人类机体无法制造的脂肪酸,除了能有效促进机体健康之外,我们还需要从饮食中获取这类脂肪酸。

吃辣真的会影响认知吗?

吃辣一时爽,一直吃辣一直爽!

关注心血管疾病防治,关爱医师身心健康!“心随绿动”雅培健心公益定向赛苏州开跑

2019年8月29日,在中华医学会第十五次全国检验医学学术会议开幕当天,由雅培发起的“心随绿动”健心公益定向赛在苏州热力开跑。

马云马斯克同台“激辩”后,在AI与生命的终极话题上达成共识

8月29日,在2019年世界人工智能大会上,作为世界电商巨头阿里巴巴的掌门人马云与特斯拉公司联合创始人、首席执行官Elon Musk(马斯克)展开“激辩”。马云马斯克在人工智能与人类生活、是否会移民火星以及机器是否会控制人类方面有着截然不同的观点,但是他们在AI与生命的终极话题上达成了共识。

Diabetes Metab Res Rev:同济医学院研究称,“健康的胖”只是传说

有一种胖,血压、血脂、血糖都正常,也不存在什么脂肪肝,这种胖真的很健康?

BMJ:50岁拥有健康的心脏有多重要?心血管隐忧会增加晚年痴呆症风险

心血管疾病不仅严重影响了人们的生活质量,还为人们未来的生活埋下了一颗不定时的“炸弹”。近日,《英国医学杂志》发表的最新研究表明:50岁时拥有良好的心血管状态会降低晚年罹患痴呆症的风险。