特重度烧伤患者清创术并发支气管痉挛一例

2017-10-21 佚名 临床麻醉学杂志

患者,男,43岁,165cm,65kg,因“全身大面积烧伤6h”急诊入院。

【一般资料】

患者,男,43岁,165cm,65kg

【主诉】

因“全身大面积烧伤6h”急诊入院

【现病史】

诊断:全身大面积烧伤90%,特重度。在当地医院进行过简单清创和输液抢救。

【既往史】

平时无慢性支气管炎、支气管哮喘、肺结核和心血管疾病等病史,偶有睡眠打鼾,ASAⅡ级。

【体格检查】

患者全身均有烧伤,创面见红白相间,水泡形成,大部表皮剥脱,深Ⅱ度改变,面积56%,基底潮红,浅Ⅱ度改变,面积34%。

【治疗】

拟在全麻下行清创术。术前肌注阿托品0.5mg、苯巴比妥钠0.1g。入室BP90/75mmHg,HR140次/分,SpO298%。开放静脉通道,颈内静脉穿刺置管。麻醉诱导:咪达唑仑1.5mg、丙泊酚130mg、舒芬太尼20μg,顺阿曲库铵20mg,诱导过程平稳,3min后插管,插管后气道峰压16cmH2O。麻醉维持:丙泊酚4~10mg·kg-1·h-1,间断追加舒芬太尼0.5μg/kg。术中BP102/78mmHg,HR90次/分,SpO298%左右。手术时间约1.5h,术中补液2000ml(晶胶比1∶1),失血量约10ml,尿量约100ml。术毕患者苏醒、自主呼吸良好后拔除气管导管,随后患者出现躁动、呼吸急促(呼气性呼吸困难)、双手拍锁骨窝处、SpO2逐渐下降到88%,HR130次/分,BP160/95mmHg,听诊双肺哮鸣音与少量粗湿罗音,立刻面罩加压手控呼吸囊辅助呼吸,手感麻醉机环路压力明显增大,挤压呼吸囊困难,初步考虑患者可能是由于气管内大量分泌物诱发支气管痉挛,此时SpO2下降到82%,患者口唇、面部发绀,立即向咽喉部喷射2%利多卡因5ml,并用吸痰管吸引,吸出大量胶冻状痰约30ml。再使用呼吸囊进行辅助呼吸,手感气道压明显下降,SpO2逐渐上升到97%,患者恢复平稳,观察15min无明显异常后送回病房。术后连续3d随访未见不良反应。

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    2017-12-11 丁鹏鹏
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    2018-05-31 lingaifan
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    2017-10-23 apoenzyme

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