超20万人研究:戴口罩理由再加一!空气污染与骨质疏松发生相关!

2021-10-19 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

BMC Public Health:韩国骨质疏松症和环境空气污染的发病率:一项基于人群的回顾性队列研究

骨质疏松症是一种全身骨骼疾病,其特征是骨质减少和骨骼结构恶化。随着老年人口不断增长,骨质疏松症发病率持续上升。一项长达12年的随访研究报告韩国骨质疏松症的患病率从48.4%上升到66.1%;2008年,韩国总人口中50岁以上的骨质疏松症患者比例为20.7%(男性为6.1%,女性为33.3%);2008-2011年,相关医疗费用从39.8亿美元增至51.3亿美元,年均增长9.2%。

一些众所周知的骨质疏松的危险因素是营养不良、生活方式、药物(如皮质激素)和固有特征(如老年和女性)。目前已有研究表明空气污染与骨质疏松有关。然而,根据年龄、性别、暴露程度或骨骼健康指标,空气污染物与骨质疏松发病率之间的关系是不一致的。

因此,本研究旨在利用国家数据库确定长期暴露于空气污染物和新诊断骨质疏松症之间的关系。

研究流程设计见图1。

这项全国性回顾性队列研究纳入237,149名年龄≥40的成年人,在2003年1月1日至2015年12月31日之间,这些成年人没有在基线上诊断出骨质疏松症。本研究纳入的237149名受试者的特征如表2所示。

观察期间,新诊断和治疗骨质疏松患者52,601例(22.2%)。男性为5.6%,女性为37.6%。与非骨质疏松患者相比,骨质疏松患者组年龄更大,女性比例更高,城市化程度更低,并存病更多。然而,根据骨质疏松症的诊断,收入水平没有显著差异。

表3显示了根据空气污染物水平新诊断的骨质疏松症患者每10万人年的发病率、HR和95% CI。较高浓度的PM10与骨质疏松症的发病率增加相关(p = 0.021),但结果不是剂量依赖性的。暴露于NO2和SO2的骨质疏松的HRs (95% CI)增加,但未观察到显著差异。没有发现暴露于一氧化碳或PM2.5与骨质疏松症之间的关联。

在调整了年龄、性别、收入水平、城市化、共病和气象数据后,cox比例风险模型获得了HRs和95%置信区间(CI)。图2根据性别、年龄(65岁)和城市化程度,显示了PM10与新诊断的骨质疏松症之间的关系。我们发现,骨质疏松症与 PM10 的四分位数之间,在女性受试者(调整后HR[Q4]: 1.065, 95%置信区间:1.03 - 1.129)、老年人65岁(调整后HR [Q2]:1.040, 95% CI: 1.010-1.072)和低城市化水平(调整后HR [Q4]: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.019-1.087),有关联。交互P值分别为性别(p = 0.007)、年龄(65岁,p = 0.015)和城市化(p<0.001)。

这项全国性的、回顾性的、基于人口的韩国队列研究发现长期接触 PM10与骨质疏松症的发病率呈正相关。值得注意的是,我们确认与PM10影响相关的新确诊骨质疏松症患者中,女性、受试者 < 65岁以及居住在非大都市地区(低城市化)的患者更为明显。这项研究证实,接触空气污染物可能是一般人群骨质疏松症的一个独立危险因素。

总的来说。本研究在韩国年龄≥40岁的成年人中发现了长期暴露于PM10与新诊断的骨质疏松病之间的关联。PM10暴露与骨质疏松症发病率之间的关系根据参与者的特征而不同。然而PM2.5、NO2、CO和SO2不影响骨质疏松症发病率。减少空气污染暴露可以改善骨骼健康。

 

原文来源:

Shin et al. Incidence of osteoporosis and ambient air pollution in South Korea: a population-based retrospective cohort study. BMC Public Health (2021) 21:1794
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11866-7

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