8年内3次患癌成三重癌,光动力治疗让他重获生命之“光”

2021-07-27 39健康网 39健康网

先后3次患上癌症是种什么样的体验?57岁的东北林先生(化名)似乎有些倒霉,他2012年患上喉癌,2018年确诊下咽部肿瘤,2020年底又在体检时发现食管早癌。

先后3次患上癌症是种什么样的体验?57岁的东北林先生(化名)似乎有些倒霉,他2012年患上喉癌,2018年确诊下咽部肿瘤,2020年底又在体检时发现食管早癌。不幸中的万幸,他都得到了十分有效的治疗。这次,为了治疗食管癌,他辗转河南、上海、广州等地多家医院,终于来到南方医科大学中西医结合医院。腹部肿瘤科李黎波主任团队使用“光动力治疗”微创技术帮助他解决难题。

8年内3次患癌成三重癌,这次切除放射化疗都行不通

林先生的健康道路十分坎坷。因为患癌,他2012年10月在上海某医院行水平半喉切除术,切除17枚淋巴结;2018年10月又在上海行质子重离子放射治疗下咽部肿瘤;2020年10月体检胃镜发现食管溃疡,病理结果“食道鳞状上内瘤变,可疑浸润”,后到上海、河南、广州多家肿瘤医院检查,确诊食管癌。

“患者先患喉癌,继而患下咽癌,去年年底又确诊食管癌,这就是我们所说的‘三重癌’,此前癌症的治疗方式也给这次治疗造成一定的影响。”李黎波指出,“林先生所患食管癌不是一处而是两处癌,即食管入口18cm处和距离门齿25cm处,这2个位置的肿瘤可以手术切除,但是患者付出的代价可能是全喉切除永久气管造瘘,很难保留正常进食功能,会严重影响患者的生活质量,因此不考虑手术切除。而患者既往做过质子重离子放射治疗,因此很难再次做放射治疗。另外,通过化疗将两处食管癌根除也是不现实的。”

成功解决棘手难题,光动力治疗为什么行?

李黎波主任团队分析了患者的各种情况,认为对患者来说,最好的治疗手段就是光动力治疗。因为光动力治疗能够保留患者重要器官的功能,这意味着光动力治疗后能将患者的食管肿瘤根除,同时还能保留患者正常进食功能。但问题是患者既往做过下咽癌质子重离子放射治疗,下咽癌的放疗区域与现在食管肿瘤的位置重叠,光动力治疗之后有可能出现食管挛缩,也就是食管狭窄,而光动力治疗食管癌的副作用也有食管挛缩可能。针对这种情况,李李黎波与患者及家属充分沟通,详细解释治疗方案及存在风险,患者十分理解并同意治疗方案。

孙玲玲和蔡晓军医生为患者行胃镜引导下食道癌光动力治疗

胃镜引导下食道癌光动力治疗中

2020年12月,在李黎波主任的指导下,孙玲玲和蔡晓军医生为患者行胃镜引导下食道癌光动力治疗。考虑到患者食管入口肿瘤光动力治疗后有可能发生局部肿胀导致窒息,术后转入ICU病房严密观察,期间未发生明显副作用,病情稳定后转回普通病房。1个月后复查胃镜提示距门齿18-20cm处病灶残留,活检示“鳞状上皮重度不典型增生伴局部癌变”,患者及家属要求二次治疗,与患者及家属沟通再次光动力治疗有食管挛缩可能,患者一再坚持治疗,孙玲玲和蔡晓军医生为患者再行2次光动力治疗,治疗后患者恢复良好。一个月后复查,肿瘤消失,治疗部位出现狭窄,经扩张后好转。半年后再次复查,肿瘤未见复发。

什么是光动力治疗?

据李黎波介绍,光动力治疗原理是用特定波长的激光激发在肿瘤组织内选择性滞留的光敏剂,激发态的光敏剂又把能量传递给周围的氧,生成活性很强的单态氧,单态氧与相邻的生物大分子发生氧化反应,产生细胞毒作用,进而导致细胞受损乃至死亡。光动力治疗是一项微创治疗新技术。由于光敏剂的肿瘤选择性,荧光诊断能够明确肿瘤病灶的大小和范围,为临床医生手术和光动力治疗提供很好的指导依据,从而降低肿瘤的复发率、提高肿瘤的治愈率。不同于常规治疗手段,光动力治疗的疗效取决于激光、氧和光敏剂三要素,因此其临床适应证更优。

担任中国临床肿瘤学会(CSCO)肿瘤光动力治疗专家委员会主任委员的李黎波指出,在未来的20-30年里,肿瘤患者的治疗将不仅仅是治愈或者延长患者的生存时间,保护容貌和重要器官功能、提高患者的生存质量将会成为患者第一需求,光动力治疗让患者活得更有尊严。”

光动力治疗有什么优势?

创伤小 借助光纤、内窥镜和其他介入技术,可将激光引导到体内深部进行治疗,避免了开胸、开腹等手术造成的创伤和痛苦。

毒性低 进入组织的光敏剂,只有达到一定浓度并受到足量激光照射,才会引发光化学反应杀伤肿瘤细胞,是一种局部靶向治疗的方法。人体未受到光辐照的部分,并不产生这种反应,人体其他部位的器官和组织都不受损伤,也不影响造血功能,因此光动力疗法的毒副作用是很低微的。

选择性好 光动力疗法的主要攻击目标是光照区的病变组织,对病灶周边的正常组织损伤轻微,这种选择性的杀伤作用是许多其他治疗手段难以实现的。

适用性好 光动力疗法对不同细胞类型的癌组织都有效,适用范围宽;而不同细胞类型的癌组织对放疗、化疗的敏感性可有较大的差异,应用受到限制。

可重复治疗 癌细胞对光敏药物无耐药性,病人也不会因多次光动力治疗而增加毒性反应,所以可以重复治疗。

姑息治疗 对晚期肿瘤患者,或因高龄、心肺肝肾功能不全而不能接受手术治疗的肿瘤患者,光动力疗法是一种能有效减轻痛苦、提高生活质量、延长生命的姑息性治疗手段。

可协同手术提高疗效 对某些肿瘤,先进行外科切除,再施以光动力治疗,可进一步消灭残留的癌细胞,减少复发机会,提高手术的彻底性;对另一些肿瘤,有可能先做光动力治疗,使肿瘤缩小后再切除,扩大手术的适应证,提高手术的成功率。

可消灭隐性癌病灶 临床上有些肿瘤,如膀胱移行细胞癌,在主病灶外可能有散在的肉眼看不见的微小癌灶,常规治疗手段只能去除主病灶,对隐性癌灶无能为力,但用光动力疗法采取全膀胱充盈后表面照射的方法,消灭可能存在的所有微小病变,从而大大减少肿瘤复发的机会。

可保护容貌及重要器官功能 对于颜面部的皮肤癌、食管癌、口腔癌、阴茎癌、宫颈癌、舌癌和喉癌等,应用光动力疗法有可能在有效杀伤癌组织的情况下,尽可能减少对发病器官上皮结构和胶原支架的损伤,使创面愈合后容貌少受影响、保持器官外形完整和正常的生理功能。

光动力治疗的适应症

李黎波指出,光动力治疗的适应症是各种实体恶性肿瘤、血管性肿瘤和病毒细菌炎症性疾病。光纤所能到达部位的恶性肿瘤,包括皮肤肿瘤、消化肿瘤、妇科肿瘤、呼吸肿瘤、泌尿肿瘤、神经肿瘤和各种组织间恶性肿瘤等。

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    2021-07-28 lq0307
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    2021-07-27 西红柿子首富

    光动力治疗方法,新技术应用

    0

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    2021-07-27 学医无涯

    患者不幸又幸运~

    0

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