PLOS Biology:父亲接触尼古丁可能会导致后代有问题

2018-10-25 小通 生物通

虽然女性在怀孕期间长期被警告“吸烟有哪些危害”,但人们对吸烟男性的后代风险知之甚少


虽然女性在怀孕期间长期被警告“吸烟有哪些危害”,但人们对吸烟男性的后代风险知之甚少。

佛罗里达州立大学医学院在小鼠身上进行的研究表明,雄性接触尼古丁会导致其子女和孙辈认知缺陷。未来,需要进一步研究来了解小鼠研究结果是否适用于人类。

“我们的数据提示,当代儿童和成年人中发现的一些认知障碍可能归因于一两代人以前遭受的不利环境侵害。”医学院发育神经科学系主席Pradeep Bhide说,“与现在相比,20世纪40年代、50年代和60年代吸烟现象相当普遍,更容易被人们接受。这是否与神经发育障碍如ADHD(多动症)和自闭症的显著上升有关?”

该研究结果于本周发表在开放性期刊PLOS Biology杂志上。

研究发现,父亲的精子由于尼古丁接触而发生变化,导致记忆和学习中起作用的基因出现问题。这些表观遗传变化被认为是暂时的,Bhide说,虽然有些可能是长期的。他说,需要更多的研究来了解这些变化会持续多久。

Bhide与医学院的同事Deirdre McCarthy和Cynthia Vied最近收到了一项为期三年的美国国家卫生研究院拨款,以支持进一步研究父亲尼古丁暴露影响跨代传播的分子机制。

尼古丁对肺部和大脑细胞的有害影响是医生为阻止民众吸烟而下达的命令的主体部分。但其中并没有提到有研究证明尼古丁如何影响生殖细胞,或者改变精子中的DNA。

女性尼古丁暴露被认为是ADHD等行为障碍的一个重要危险因素。对于男性而言,以前没有足够证据将遗传风险因素与环境影响分开。

“医生可能不会警告男性。即使母亲从不吸烟,父亲吸烟也会伤害他们未出生的孩子。”Bhide说,“我相信我们的研究把这件事提出来了。”

McCarthy在小鼠发育和生产精子的过程中,在雄性小鼠的饮用水中加低剂量的尼古丁,然后与从未接触尼古丁的雌性小鼠结合哺育后代。

尽管父亲表现出正常的行为倾向,但它们的雌雄后代却都表现出多动症、注意力缺陷和认知不灵活。

“分析父系精子,我们发现了多个基因发生了表观遗传学改变。” McCarthy说,“这包括多巴胺D2基因,它在脑发育和学习中具有重要作用。这可能是他们后代认知缺陷的来源。”

虽然这项研究是在小鼠中进行的,但先前关于母系尼古丁暴露的研究无论是在小鼠身上还是在妇女和儿童身上都是一致的。

“我相信我们的研究结果可以被外推到人类身上,”Bhide说。

原始出处:

Deirdre M. McCarthy et al., (2018), Nicotine exposure of male mice produces behavioral impairment in multiple generations of descendants, PLOS Biology, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.2006497

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    2019-01-20 sunylz
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    2018-10-25 183****7028

    学习

    0

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    2018-10-25 flysky120

    尼古丁副作用

    0

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    2018-10-25 ylzr123

    认真学习,不断进步,把经验分享给同好。点赞了!

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