Age&Ageing |北京大学:老年人抑郁症状和随后认知能力下降的轨迹

2022-01-10 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

伴随抑郁症状的老年人发生痴呆的风险明显增加

老年抑郁症特指起病于60岁及以上的抑郁症患者,是一种复杂的情感障碍性疾病。根据首次发病年龄的不同,老年抑郁症可以分为早发型和晚发型。老年抑郁症与躯体疾病高度并存,且常常合并认知功能损害。

据报道,大约50%的老年抑郁症患者合并认知功能损害,而社区老人中该比例只有3%。越来越多的证据表明,伴随抑郁症状的老年人发生痴呆的风险明显增加。最近的研究发现,认知损伤与老年抑郁症患者全因死亡率高有关。因此,改善老年抑郁症患者的认知水平,对延缓痴呆发生,提高生活质量具有重要意义。

抑郁症的病程是多变的,但这种多变性如何影响长期的认知能力下降,目前尚不清楚。为了研究抑郁症状的不同轨迹与随后老年人认知能力下降率的关系,来自我国北京大学联合杜克大学医学中心精神病学和行为科学部的专家开展了一项基于人口的队列研究,结果发表在Age & Ageing杂志上。

该研究的地点选在美国和英国的社区。来自健康和退休研究以及英国老龄化纵向研究的17556名老年人被纳入研究,使用流行病学研究中心的抑郁量表评估抑郁症状,并使用基于群体的轨迹模型计算轨迹。对全球认知功能以及记忆、执行功能和时间定向这三个认知领域进行评估,时间长达18年。

结果确定了五条抑郁症状的轨迹。与 "非抑郁 "轨迹相比,"抑郁症状恶化 "轨迹(集合β=-0.016标准差(SD)/年,95%置信区间(CI)。-0.021至-0.010),"持续性抑郁症状 "轨迹(集合β=-0.016标准差/年,95%CI:-0.024至-0.008),和 "轻度抑郁症状 "轨迹(集合β=-0.008标准差/年,95%CI:-0。 014至-0.003)与较快的认知衰退率有关,而 "抑郁症状改善 "轨迹没有发现这种关联(集合β=0.001 SD/年,95%CI:-0.010至0.012)。

由此可见,阈值以下的抑郁症状与认知能力下降的速度增加有关,而抑郁症状改善的个体并没有表现出加速的认知能力下降。这些发现提出了一种可能性,即保持尽可能低的抑郁症状可能会减轻老年人的认知衰退。

 

参考文献:

Trajectories of depressive symptoms and subsequent cognitive decline in older adults: a pooled analysis of two longitudinal cohorts, Age and Ageing, Volume 51, Issue 1, January 2022, afab191, https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab191

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    2022-01-10 yangchou

    好文章,谢谢分享。

    0

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