JAMA Netw Open:1991-2019 年按性别和种族/民族划分的美国青少年自杀念头和企图的时间趋势

2021-06-15 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在美国,自杀已成为12至18岁青少年的第二大死因。据数据显示,2019年,有2090名12至18岁青少年自杀,也就是说每10万人中有7.1人自杀。

在美国,自杀已成为1218岁青少年的第二大死因。据数据显示,2019年,有20901218岁青少年自杀,也就是说每10万人中有7.1人自杀。同时,在1519岁的青少年中,因有自杀念头或企图自杀而到医院急诊科就诊的人数正在增加,其中在2008年至2015年间观察到黑人、西班牙裔和女性青少年的增幅最大。

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关于自杀行为中的性别、种族/民族和差异的研究数据越来越多。据报道,1991 年至 2017期间,黑人青少年的自杀企图是唯一增加的种族/族裔群体。另一项研究发现,1975年至 2016年间,青少年因自杀而死亡的性别差距正在缩小。尽管研究数据丰富,但现有文献缺乏关于自杀念头和非致命自杀企图的趋势变化,以及性别和种族/民族之间的差异。因此,监测青少年自杀行为对于制定有效的预防自杀非常重要。特别是,监测自杀时间趋势的变化,进而评估自杀风险何时更大,针对高风险人群实施有针对性的干预措施。

近日,发表在JAMA Netw Open杂志的一项研究对来自1991年到 2019年,美国青少年自杀念头和企图自杀时间趋势是否因性别和种族/民族而异进行了探索分析。

在这项研究中,研究人员对来自美国50 个州和哥伦比亚特区的公立和私立学校中的具有全国代表性的183563912年级的青少年进行横断面分析,且学生以匿名和自愿的方式完成了自我管理的问卷调查。评估问卷包含了3 个与自杀行为相关的自我报告问题:(1) 自杀意念(在过去 12 个月内,您是否认真考虑过尝试自杀?);(2) 自杀计划(在过去 12 个月内,您是否制定过自杀计划?关于您将如何尝试自杀的计划?); (3) 自杀未遂(在过去 12 个月中,您实际尝试自杀了多少次?)。数据分析时间为 2020916日至 2021412日。

研究结果显示,自杀念头的流行率从1991年到2019年有所下降,从19. 4%降至15.8%,而非致命性自杀企图的发生率从1991年到2019年有所增加,从7.3%增加到8.9%。另外,在1991年至2009年期间,自杀意念每年减少3.1%,而在随后的2009年至2019年期间每年增加3.4%。在女性(1991-2009年,2009-2019年)、白人(1991-2009年,2009-2019年)、西班牙裔(1991-2007年,2007-2019年)和黑人(1991-2005年,2005-2019年)青少年中,自杀念头趋势显示出不同的转折点。虽然从1991年到2019年没有观察到自杀企图的明显趋势,但男性黑人青少年的自杀企图发生率有较大的增长。

1991-2019 年美国青少年自杀念头和自杀企图的流行率

另外,在性别和种族/民族分析中,白人女性从2009年到2019年,黑人女性从2005年到2019年,以及西班牙裔女性从2009年到2019年,白人女性从2009年到2019年自杀企图有所增加。

1991-2019 年不同性别的自杀念头和自杀企图趋势

综上,本研究的结果表明,在自杀意念和自杀未遂趋势方面存在明显的性别和种族/民族差异。自 2009 年以来,女性个体的自杀意念有所增加。在1991年至 2019年间,黑人青少年自杀未遂发生率有较大的增幅。

原始出处

Yunyu Xiao, PhD1,2Julie Cerel, PhD3J. John Mann, MD4,5.Temporal Trends in Suicidal Ideation and Attempts Among US Adolescents by Sex and Race/Ethnicity, 1991-2019.JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(6):e2113513. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.13513

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    2022-05-18 feather89
  4. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951614, encodeId=aa731951614d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=53a5595e1dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#时间趋势#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59571, encryptionId=53a5595e1dc, topicName=时间趋势)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 19:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053340, encodeId=94e9105334007, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be3d8620e46' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自杀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86207, encryptionId=be3d8620e46, topicName=自杀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Mon Sep 20 20:31:19 CST 2021, time=2021-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728979, encodeId=13ac1e2897943, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed May 18 16:00:33 CST 2022, time=2022-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734377, encodeId=ad671e3437700, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Apr 07 06:00:33 CST 2022, time=2022-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=973832, encodeId=e6539e3832e3, content=本研究的结果表明,在自杀意念和自杀未遂趋势方面存在明显的性别和种族/民族差异。自 2009 年以来,女性个体的自杀意念有所增加。在1991年至 2019年间,黑人青少年自杀未遂发生率有较大的增幅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 18:59:56 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036681, encodeId=9015103668197, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 18:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2022-04-07 canlab
  5. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951614, encodeId=aa731951614d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=53a5595e1dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#时间趋势#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59571, encryptionId=53a5595e1dc, topicName=时间趋势)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 19:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053340, encodeId=94e9105334007, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be3d8620e46' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自杀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86207, encryptionId=be3d8620e46, topicName=自杀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Mon Sep 20 20:31:19 CST 2021, time=2021-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728979, encodeId=13ac1e2897943, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed May 18 16:00:33 CST 2022, time=2022-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734377, encodeId=ad671e3437700, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Apr 07 06:00:33 CST 2022, time=2022-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=973832, encodeId=e6539e3832e3, content=本研究的结果表明,在自杀意念和自杀未遂趋势方面存在明显的性别和种族/民族差异。自 2009 年以来,女性个体的自杀意念有所增加。在1991年至 2019年间,黑人青少年自杀未遂发生率有较大的增幅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 18:59:56 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036681, encodeId=9015103668197, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 18:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-15 神盾医疗局局长Jack

    本研究的结果表明,在自杀意念和自杀未遂趋势方面存在明显的性别和种族/民族差异。自 2009 年以来,女性个体的自杀意念有所增加。在1991年至 2019年间,黑人青少年自杀未遂发生率有较大的增幅

    0

  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1951614, encodeId=aa731951614d9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=53a5595e1dc' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#时间趋势#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=44, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=59571, encryptionId=53a5595e1dc, topicName=时间趋势)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=917c196, createdName=sjzlzc007, createdTime=Tue Oct 19 19:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-10-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1053340, encodeId=94e9105334007, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=be3d8620e46' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#自杀#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=109, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86207, encryptionId=be3d8620e46, topicName=自杀)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211210/ede9c51184aa4f54ae6c1164cfb8eeac/967dbf3eff2943c7bf3ccfec3a776ab0.JPG, createdBy=a33789389, createdName=病毒猎手, createdTime=Mon Sep 20 20:31:19 CST 2021, time=2021-09-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1728979, encodeId=13ac1e2897943, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=986913980dd' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#PE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=27, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=13980, encryptionId=986913980dd, topicName=PE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f06c33759375, createdName=feather89, createdTime=Wed May 18 16:00:33 CST 2022, time=2022-05-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1734377, encodeId=ad671e3437700, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d4f412668a4' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#NET#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=33, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=12668, encryptionId=d4f412668a4, topicName=NET)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7ea033781210, createdName=canlab, createdTime=Thu Apr 07 06:00:33 CST 2022, time=2022-04-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=973832, encodeId=e6539e3832e3, content=本研究的结果表明,在自杀意念和自杀未遂趋势方面存在明显的性别和种族/民族差异。自 2009 年以来,女性个体的自杀意念有所增加。在1991年至 2019年间,黑人青少年自杀未遂发生率有较大的增幅, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=64, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200529/3611e9bb629c4e5b81fbd8ce784b06cc/128487eae357460bb98f67d86230c218.jpg, createdBy=ab235268530, createdName=神盾医疗局局长Jack, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 18:59:56 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1036681, encodeId=9015103668197, content=顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=0, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=旺医, createdTime=Tue Jun 15 18:00:33 CST 2021, time=2021-06-15, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-06-15 旺医

    顶刊就是顶刊,谢谢梅斯带来这么高水平的研究报道,我们科里同事经常看梅斯,分享梅斯上的信息

    0

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