Circ Res:坚果,能降低糖尿病患者的心血管疾病风险!

2019-02-21 佚名 中国生物技术网

吃坚果能为我们的健康带来诸多益处已是人尽皆知的事情,包括改善肠道健康与代谢,降低心血管疾病风险,有助于提高记忆力等。有益健康。

吃坚果能为我们的健康带来诸多益处已是人尽皆知的事情,包括改善肠道健康与代谢,降低血管疾病风险,有助于提高记忆力等。有益健康。

近日,有科学家关注吃坚果对2型糖尿病患者的影响。根据2月19日发表在美国心脏协会期刊《Circulation Research》上的一项研究显示,多吃坚果,尤其是木本坚果(树坚果类,包括杏仁、核桃、榛子、腰果等),能降低2型糖尿病患者患血管疾病的风险。


已知2型糖尿病与高胆固醇、心脏病和中风风险增加有关。坚果富含不饱和脂肪酸、植物化合物、纤维、维生素(如维生素E和叶酸),以及包括钙、钾和镁在内的矿物质。然而,对于坚果对2型糖尿病患者的健康益处却鲜有研究,而这类患者面临更大的心脏并发症风险。

在这项新研究中,研究人员分析了16217名男性和女性在被诊断为2型糖尿病之前和之后自我报告的饮食调查问卷,并询问他们在几年时间内对花生和树坚果的食用情况。在随访期间,总共发生了心血管疾病3336例(其中冠心病2567例,中风769例),死亡5682例(其中心血管疾病1663例,癌症1297例)。

该研究的第一作者、哈佛T.H. Chan公共卫生学院的营养学家Gang Liu博士说:“我们的研究结果提供了新证据,支持将坚果纳入健康的饮食模式,以预防糖尿病患者心血管疾病并发症和早逝。此外,即使人们在患糖尿病之前就有吃坚果的习惯,那么向饮食中再多加一些坚果在任何年龄或阶段都是有益的。改善饮食和生活方式任何时候都不晚,即使已经确诊2型糖尿病。”
研究人员发现,吃所有种类的坚果都有利于心脏健康,其中树坚果表现出最强的相关性。而且,即使只吃少量坚果也有效果。在这项研究中,与每月吃不到28克(1份=28克)坚果的2型糖尿病患者相比,每周吃5份坚果的人心血管疾病发病率降低17%,冠心病风险降低20%,心血管疾病死亡风险降低34%,全因死亡风险降低31%。

与那些在糖尿病确诊后没有改变吃坚果习惯的人相比,在确诊后增加坚果摄入量的人心血管疾病风险降低11%,冠心病风险降低15%,心血管疾病死亡风险降低25%,全因过早死亡风险降低27%。

每周额外多吃一份坚果,患心血管疾病的风险降低3%,死于心血管疾病的风险降低6%。
研究还发现,吃坚果所带来的积极联系与性别、吸烟习惯或体重没有关系。

与花生相比,核桃、杏仁、巴西胡桃、腰果、开心果、美洲山核桃、夏威夷果、榛子和松子等树坚果与降低心血管风险密切相关。因为花生其实上是豆科植物,生长在地下,与树坚果不同。

虽然坚果对心脏健康有益的生物学机制仍不明确,但研究人员报告称,坚果似乎可以改善血糖控制、血压、脂肪代谢、炎症和血管壁功能。此外,他们还解释说,树坚果可能会带来更多的益处,因为它们比花生含有更高水平的营养物质。


加州大学旧金山分校医学院的医学教授、“Know Diabetes by Heart”科学咨询委员会成员Prakash Deedwania说:“心血管疾病是导致死亡的主要原因,也是2型糖尿病患者患心脏病、中风和失能的主要原因。理解这两类疾病之间的联系对预防2型糖尿病的心血管并发症相当重要,能够帮助人们做出明智的健康选择。”

Deedwania指出,这项研究结果非常令人鼓舞,因为每天吃杏仁、核桃、开心果等树坚果的简单饮食习惯,可以对冠心病、心脏病死亡和总死亡率产生如此深远的影响。这进一步证明,改变生活方式、定期运动以及合理饮食可以对糖尿病患者患心血管疾病和心脏病的风险产生显著的有利影响。

原始出处:
Gang Liu, Marta Guasch-Ferre, Yang Hu, et al. Nut Consumption in Relation to Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Circulation Research. 19 Feb 2019

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    2019-03-02 boc_111

    加油(???_??)?

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    2019-02-26 jyzxjiangqin

    坚果能降低糖尿病患者的死亡。

    0

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    2019-02-21 misszhang

    谢谢MedSci提供最新的资讯

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