Science :脂质滴可不只会储存能量,它们还能对抗细菌!

2020-10-21 探索菌 生物探索

随着对抗生素具有抗药性的超级细菌的出现,研究人员决心寻找替代方法来对抗感染,一种可能的方法是增强人体的自然防御能力。脂质滴(LDs)是真核细胞存储脂质的主要细胞器,也是细胞内病原体的营养来源。

随着对抗生素具有抗药性的超级细菌的出现,研究人员决心寻找替代方法来对抗感染,一种可能的方法是增强人体的自然防御能力。脂质滴(LDs)是真核细胞存储脂质的主要细胞器,也是细胞内病原体的营养来源。但最近,科学家发现这些LDs竟参与了病原体与人体细胞之间的斗争。

10月16日,来自昆士兰大学和巴塞罗那大学的研究人员在《Science》上发表了题为“Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cellmetabolism and host defense”的文章,他们发现:哺乳动物的LDs具有蛋白质介导的抗菌能力,该能力被危险信号上调。

脂肪是细胞武器库的一部分,细胞制造有毒蛋白质,将其包装成脂质滴,然后将其发射到“入侵者”身上。这是细胞保护自身的一种新方法,它利用脂肪作为秘密武器,并为我们提供了对抗感染的新见解。

为了评估哺乳动物LDs在免疫防御中的作用,研究人员使用了小鼠肝细胞和蛋白质组学方法。结果显示,当LDs暴露于细菌毒素脂多糖时,受威胁细胞内的脂滴蛋白质组发生了变化。LDs的数量和大小不断增长,并开始积聚具有已知抗菌活性的蛋白质。更重要的是,活化的脂滴与线粒体脱钩,促使细胞内的新陈代谢转向更有利于宿主防御的环境。

LDs积累并使用先天免疫蛋白

此外,研究表明,LDs在两个水平上积极参与哺乳动物的先天免疫。针对脂多糖(LPS)的反应,包括干扰素诱导的鸟苷三磷酸酶和抗菌肽在内的多种宿主防御蛋白会在LDs上组装成复杂的簇。LPS还能促进LDs与线粒体的物理和功能解偶联,减少脂肪酸代谢,同时增加LDs与细菌的接触。

LPS-LDs与线粒体的物理和功能解偶联

昆士兰大学细胞生物学和分子医学教授Robert Parton说:“此前,人们认为LDs是'脂肪团',仅用于能量存储。但是现在,我们看到了它们充当细胞中的新陈代谢开关、防御感染以及更多的功能。”

研究人员的下一步工作是找出LDs如何靶向细菌,以期通过了解人体的自然防御能力,开发出不依赖抗生素来对抗耐药性感染的新疗法。

原始出处:

Marta Bosch, Miguel Sánchez-álvarez, Alba Fajardo, et al.Mammalian lipid droplets are innate immune hubs integrating cell metabolism and host defense.Science. 2020 Oct 16;370(6514):eaay8085. doi: 10.1126/science.aay8085.

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    2020-10-23 jichang
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1376186, encodeId=b8e313e618684, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=2949159989d' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#SCIE#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=15998, encryptionId=2949159989d, topicName=SCIE)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=17a3387, createdName=jichang, createdTime=Fri Oct 23 03:34:50 CST 2020, time=2020-10-23, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893711, encodeId=9b4f893e11df, content=脂质滴可不只会储存能量,它们还能对抗细菌。, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=103, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://wx.qlogo.cn/mmopen/Q3auHgzwzM4gCIdSaEkahCNuUWZv4iaKmqvUKHyKnBiarBM9RStQKBeV5Lh6GYYFiamdV5KlSfbLvmAgZTLtq81XA/0, createdBy=13511650672, createdName=言西早, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 10:57:24 CST 2020, time=2020-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893643, encodeId=10fa893643fd, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200914/f1df8506d5cb4909bac2efc340b6c1fe/dcc6dd2dbec44613838b555fbe723804.jpg, createdBy=686b1371609, createdName=liyu7822, createdTime=Thu Oct 22 00:45:06 CST 2020, time=2020-10-22, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=893511, encodeId=5e8c89351119, content=呵呵, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=92, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20200914/f1df8506d5cb4909bac2efc340b6c1fe/dcc6dd2dbec44613838b555fbe723804.jpg, createdBy=686b1371609, createdName=liyu7822, createdTime=Wed Oct 21 13:12:42 CST 2020, time=2020-10-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-10-22 言西早

    脂质滴可不只会储存能量,它们还能对抗细菌。

    0

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    2020-10-22 liyu7822

    呵呵

    0

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    2020-10-21 liyu7822

    呵呵

    0

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