Lancet社论:维生素D和预防新冠之间的关系

2021-01-21 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

在理想情况下,所有健康决策都需基于强有力的依据做出,但是在危机时期,相关标准可能需要微调。

1936年12月在《美国杂志》上刊登的广告上写道:“为保持您在阳光明媚的夏天时的最佳健康状态,并抵御冬季感冒和疾病,请喝Schlitz[啤酒]——含有维生素D。”

维生素D是一种人体必需的脂溶性维生素,主要在太阳照射下合成,俗称阳光维生素,它能调节体内钙磷代谢,是保障骨骼健康的基础;还能促进肌肉中蛋白质的合成,增强肌肉力量,降低摔倒风险。当我们的皮肤暴露在阳光下时,身体就会发生系列生化反应,从而合成维生素D

通常情况下,健康的成年男性比女性有更大的骨量、更高的骨密度和更高的骨强度。随着年龄的增长,女性的骨量流失比男性更快,特别是在更年期前后。维生素D补充剂被广泛用于绝经后女性及老年人预防骨质疏松症。

新型冠状病毒感染导致的疫情从年初持续到现在,虽然确诊人数明显减少,但针对新冠病毒的特效药尚未问世,因此强大的自身免疫力就成为我们抵御病毒最好的武器。提到维生素D,大家首先想到的是它能够补钙、强健骨骼,那它对我们的抵抗COVID-19有怎样的影响呢?对此大家众说纷纭。

在去年10月发表在内分泌和代谢性疾病领域权威杂志Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism上的一篇研究文章,评估了住院的COVID-19患者血清25-羟基维生素D25OHD)水平,并分析维生素D状况对疾病严重程度的影响。发现与基于人群的对照组相比,住院的COVID-19患者25OHD水平较低,这些患者缺乏症的患病率较高。研究人员没有发现维生素D浓度或维生素缺乏与疾病严重程度之间的任何关联。

近期, 柳叶刀-糖尿病与内分泌学》(The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology)发表了一篇名为《维生素D和新冠:为什么会有争议?》的社论。文章指出,最近同样发表在该杂志的一项包含了20,000多名澳大利亚成年人的D-Health随机临床试验的结果表明,每月服用维生素D(60000 IU)并不能降低急性呼吸道感染的风险或严重程度。

此外,近期在MedRxiv预印本发布的一项纳入了包括D-Health研究在内的45项干预试验的meta分析表明,每日补充400-1000 IU维生素D且不超过12个月是安全的,并且对于预防急性呼吸道感染有较小的保护作用,但是各个干预试验间存在明显异质性。

长期以来,人们都清楚,传统上表现出维生素D缺乏或不足的群体,如老年人和养老院居民,以及黑人、亚洲人和少数族裔人口,也是受到COVID-19影响最大的群体。此外,由于严格的封锁和屏蔽,在室内停留的时间增加,引发了一些人可能无法从阳光中获得必要的生理水平的维生素D的担忧。

20201217日,美国国家健康与护理卓越研究所(NICE)与英格兰公共卫生局和营养科学咨询委员会合作,发布了一份最新的关于维生素DCOVID-19的快速审查研究。他们的建议支持目前政府的建议,即要求每个人在秋冬季节服用维生素D补充剂以维持骨骼和肌肉健康。这些建议也符合英国政府在20201222日发布的新指南,允许临床上极度脆弱的人群选择免费接受4个月的每日维生素D补充剂。

然而,快速审查的结论是,仍然缺乏足够的证据支持以预防或治疗COVID-19为目的的维生素D补充剂,应该进一步进行深入研究。因此,科学界许多人对缺乏针对COVID-19的具体建议感到失望,他们认为维生素D补充剂一般是安全的,并且补充维生素D与预防新冠肺炎有关的任何益处都可能大大超过其潜在毒性。

文章最后指出,NICE应继续监测经过同行评审和公布的新证据,包括目前正在进行的几项关于维生素DCOVID-19结果的临床试验的结果。然而,特别是在流行病形势继续恶化的国家(在疫苗接种效果变得明显之前的冬季几个月疫情可能继续恶化),想要额外维生素D补充证据可能为时已晚。

因此,作者呼吁,在理想情况下,所有健康决策都需基于强有力的依据做出,但是在危机时期,相关标准可能需要微调。

 

参考文献:

The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology. Vitamin D and COVID-19: why the controversy? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Jan 8:S2213-8587(21)00003-6. doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00003-6.

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    2021-12-12 howi
  2. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1830991, encodeId=6b8e1830991cb, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=1b6210686b2' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Lancet#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=34, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=10686, encryptionId=1b6210686b2, topicName=Lancet)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=3f0227, createdName=howi, createdTime=Sun Dec 12 20:06:56 CST 2021, time=2021-12-12, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=963535, encodeId=d34796353539, content=学习了, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=125, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=14bb2460591, createdName=124180c6m73暂无昵称, createdTime=Fri May 07 22:42:47 CST 2021, time=2021-05-07, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=949819, encodeId=103f949819ae, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=137, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=51705231149, createdName=1479ea96m27暂无昵称, createdTime=Sat Mar 20 23:42:14 CST 2021, time=2021-03-20, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1029016, encodeId=501b10290163d, content=新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=104, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=公卫新人, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 16:06:56 CST 2021, time=2021-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1034136, encodeId=43911034136ec, content=顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=105, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=goodbing, createdTime=Thu Jan 21 16:06:56 CST 2021, time=2021-01-21, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2021-05-07 124180c6m73暂无昵称

    学习了

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    2021-03-20 1479ea96m27暂无昵称

    学习

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    2021-01-21 公卫新人

    新冠肺炎,疫情何时才能消失

    0

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    2021-01-21 goodbing

    顶刊就是不一样,质量很高,内容精彩!学到很多

    0