Brain:体检发现腔梗、脑萎缩、脑白质病变......小心这一血管性痴呆常见的原因!

2021-05-13 MedSci原创 MedSci原创

脑小血管病(CSVD)是一种常见的疾病,主要影响脑微血管。

脑小血管病(CSVD)是一种常见的疾病,主要影响脑微血管。最初由于认识不深,普遍认为CSVD是无害的。随着研究的深入,目前已证实CSVD是世界范围内血管性痴呆的最主要原因,其典型特征是磁共振成像上(MRI)的白质高信号。CSVD放射学和病理学特征还包括脑腔隙状态、皮质下梗塞、微出血、血管周围间隙扩大和脑萎缩等。

有数据显示,多达50%的CSVD患者和92%的血管性痴呆患者合并有情感淡漠——这是一种使人衰弱的神经精神综合征,在CSVD患者中,情感淡漠与痴呆风险显著增加以及死亡率相关。目前还没有针对情感淡漠的针对性治疗,部分原因是对其潜在机制缺乏了解。

通常,淡漠指的是“主动自愿行为”的减少——将动机与行动的发起联系起来障碍。量化患者主动行为的新方法是检查评估基于努力的奖励决策的范式的表现。这些任务是从动物模型的研究中延伸过来的,通过探索决策的不同阶段,在人类冷漠行为的表型中发挥了重要作用。决定是否采取行为行动的一个重要组成部分包括权衡其感知的利益(例如潜在的回报)和主观成本(例如获得回报所需的努力)。通过在实验任务中参数化地操纵奖励和努力,有可能描述冷漠背后的行为变化。

为此,有学者提出了这样一个假设,即冷漠与基于努力的决策制定中的决策制定中断有关,并且这些改变与连接支持这些决策的大脑区域的脑白质网络的异常有关。为了验证这一假设,来自英国牛津大学临床神经科学系的专家开展了相关研究,结果发表在最新的《脑》Brain杂志上。

研究人员招募了82名有CSVD磁共振成像证据的患者使用行为范式和扩散加权磁共振成像(DWI)进行评估。决策任务包括接受或拒绝金钱奖励,以换取不同程度的体力劳动。选择数据和反应时间被整合到一个漂移扩散模型中,该模型将接受或拒绝报价的决策作为随机过程,以特定的漂移率接近决策边界。同时评估白质束完整性和冷漠之间的关系,用以解释抑郁症。

基于努力的决策-任务和整体表现作为冷漠的函数。

总的来说,淡漠病人在这个决策任务上接受的提议要少得多。值得注意的是,虽然淡漠的患者对低回报的反应较弱,但他们也明显反对投入大量精力。

同时,研究人员还观察到脑白质完整性的显著降低与淡漠特别相关,但与抑郁无关。这些包括连接大脑区域的路径,这些区域以前与健康人基于努力的决策有关。决策参数的漂移率与淡漠和白质束的改变显著相关,表明淡漠中的大脑和行为变化都与这个单一参数相关。另一方面,抑郁与决策边界的增加有关,与决策前所需证据数量的增加相一致。

使用白质病变负荷量化疾病严重程度

这些发现证明了在淡漠患者中基于努力的奖励决策的改变,也强调了在CSVD中,淡漠和抑郁背后的机制可以进行区分。它们为未来的治疗干预提供了明确的潜在大脑和行为目标,以及可用于在行为层面衡量治疗效果的建模参数。

 

参考文献:

Apathy in small vessel cerebrovascular disease is associated with deficits in effort-based decision making. BRAIN 2021: 144; 1247–1262. doi:10.1093/brain/awab013

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    2021-12-24 chendoc252
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  5. 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    2021-05-15 marongnuan
  6. 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  7. 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    2021-05-13 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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