Nature:重磅!科学家在人类癌症基因组非编码区域中鉴别出关键的致癌突变

2019-10-15 佚名 细胞

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature上的研究报告中,来自加拿大安大略省癌症研究所的科学家们通过研究在人类癌症基因组中的大量非编码区域(也被称之为人类癌症DNA的“暗物质”)中发现了一种新型的致癌突变;这种突变或能作为一种新型潜在的治疗靶点,帮助科学家们开发治疗多种类型癌症的新型疗法,包括脑癌、肝癌和血液癌症等。

近日,一项刊登在国际杂志Nature上的研究报告中,来自加拿大安大略省癌症研究所的科学家们通过研究在人类癌症基因组中的大量非编码区域(也被称之为人类癌症DNA的“暗物质”)中发现了一种新型的致癌突变;这种突变或能作为一种新型潜在的治疗靶点,帮助科学家们开发治疗多种类型癌症的新型疗法,包括脑癌、肝癌和血液癌症等。

研究者Lincoln Stein表示,非编码DNA在基因组中占到了98%的比例,其对于科学家们而言非常难以研究,而且其因为不编码蛋白质经常会被忽略。通过仔细分析这些区域,研究人员在DNA代码的一个碱基中发现了改变,其或能驱动多种类型癌症的发生,研究人员或能利用这种新型癌症机制来开发治疗包括癌症在内多种疾病的新型疗法。

这种名为U1-snRNA突变的特殊突变会干扰正常RNA的剪接过程,从而改变致癌基因的转录,这些分子机制或能提供新型通路帮助治疗携带特殊突变的癌症类型,其中一种潜在的治疗手段包括重新定向当前的药物,通过绕过早期药物的开发阶段加速临床应用等。这项研究中,研究人员意外发现了一种全新的方法来治疗多种难以治疗、且死亡率较高的癌症类型,研究者表示,只要DNA编码出现一个“错误”,其就会产生数百种突变蛋白,研究者能够利用当前现有的免疫疗法来锁定这些突变蛋白。

研究者在特定脑癌亚型患者中发现了U1-snRNA突变,这些亚型患者的样本包括几乎所有来自成年sonic hedgehog髓母细胞瘤患者的样本;此外,这种突变还存在于慢性淋巴细胞白血病患者和肝细胞癌患者机体中。最后研究者Laszlo Radvanyi说道,基于本文研究结果,后期我们还会继续深入研究,利用这种新型致癌突变作为新型靶点开发治疗多种癌症类型的新型疗法。

原始出处:
Shimin Shuai, Hiromichi Suzuki, Ander Diaz-Navarro, et al. The U1 spliceosomal RNA is recurrently mutated in multiple cancers, Nature (2019) doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1651-z

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    2020-04-06 d830384
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    2020-02-28 liye789132251
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    2019-10-17 jambiya
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    2019-10-17 xxxx1054
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