Transl Psychiatry :致幻剂能治疗老年痴呆?新研究发现天然物质可刺激新神经元形成!

2020-11-14 王木木 生物探索

在阿尔茨海默氏症及帕金森氏症等神经退行性疾病中,成熟神经元会发生变性和死亡,继而影响大脑中新神经元祖细胞的形成,导致身体出现多种功能障碍。

在阿尔茨海默氏症及帕金森氏症等神经退行性疾病中,成熟神经元会发生变性和死亡,继而影响大脑中新神经元祖细胞的形成,导致身体出现多种功能障碍。现代医学认为,刺激这些内源性干细胞和神经元祖细胞可能是改善受神经退行性病变影响的某些区域功能的新型潜在治疗策略。

二甲基色胺(DMT)是一种天然化合物,存在于许多植物和动物组织中,具有致幻作用。有研究发现环境压力会增加DMT在哺乳动物中枢神经系统(CNS)中的水平,DMT也能与参与CNS多个区域中胞内信号传导的血清素受体(5-HT)结合并发挥激动剂活性,还可以非亲和力与在额叶、纹状体等分布的非血清素受体结合。基于此,科学家们猜测, DMT或许具有潜在的神经源性作用。

近日,来自西班牙马德里康普顿斯大学的研究人员在《Translational Psychiatry》上发表了题为N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound found in the hallucinogenic tea ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo的研究成果,其发现使用天然化合物DMT治疗,可以激活并调节神经干细胞的增殖及迁移,促进新神经元的生成,并改善空间学习和记忆能力。

sigma-1受体(σ1R)广泛分布于中枢神经系统,可以通过调节NMDA受体、多巴胺能系统及离子通道等发挥抗精神病、记忆障碍改善等作用。研究人员首先检测了DMT处理后,体外培养的小鼠NSCs的神经球中σ1R及干细胞标志性蛋白(musashi-1,nestin和SOX-2)的表达情况。

与对照相比,DMT治疗导致这些干细胞标志性蛋白的表达水平显着降低,神经球失去了干性。而使用σ1R的特异性拮抗剂BD1063处理时,这种作用被逆转恢复至正常条件下的水平。这表明,DMT通过σ1R促进了神经元“干性”或未分化状态的丧失。

为了研究DMT对NSC的整体作用,研究人员评估了神经球的数量和直径,发现DMT显着增加了神经球的数量和大小,且其中增殖标志物ki67和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达均增加,而使用BD1063处理则无这种明显作用。这也反映了,DMT可以通过σ1R在体外刺激成年海马来源的神经祖细胞的增殖。

DMT通过σ1R激活海马亚颗粒层神经祖细胞的增殖

对DMT处理后神经球分化为特定神经表型的能力进行分析,发现DMT可以通过σ1R刺激神经祖细胞向神经组织表型进行体外分化,分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞及少突胶质细胞这三种主要的神经细胞类型。

DMT促进干细胞向所有神经表型分化

研究人员还对DMT的神经源性作用进行了体内验证,使用DMT处理小鼠,发现DMT可以显着增加海马齿状回颗粒下区(SGZ)中新生成的神经元的数量,处理4天后SGZ表现出神经前体增殖和迁移的显着增强,这表明该化合物可以在体内激活成年小鼠SGZ的神经祖细胞的增殖,发挥调节作用。

DMT在体内促进海马SGZ区的神经源增殖与再生

最后,通过莫里斯水迷宫和新物体识别测试,研究人员发现,DMT的处理后小鼠情景记忆能力更强,会尝试使用更多的方法,对新物体的探索时间更长,这也说明DMT可以改善空间学习和记忆能力。

该研究的作者Jose A. Morales-Garcia表示:“DMT的这种调节大脑可塑性的能力表明,它对包括神经退行性疾病在内的多种精神疾病和神经疾病具有巨大的治疗潜力。”

原始出处:

Jose A Morales-Garcia, Javier Calleja-Conde, Jose A Lopez-Moreno,et al.N,N-dimethyltryptamine compound found in the hallucinogenic tea ayahuasca, regulates adult neurogenesis in vitro and in vivo.Transl Psychiatry. 2020;10(1):331. doi: 10.1038/s41398-020-01011-0.

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    2021-05-01 bsmagic9140
  6. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2089130, encodeId=383a20891308d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211111/81c0b64745c644319545ec26d7ef0b34/9ddb2864d5df4dd9bf4305e380bffc96.jpg, createdBy=c7835705079, createdName=屋顶瞄爱赏月, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 23:02:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753565, encodeId=19071e535652d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Mon Jan 18 10:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067524, encodeId=0809206e524e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Sat Jul 31 13:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792194, encodeId=e4c51e9219490, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 03:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657382, encodeId=9e08165e382a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Sat May 01 01:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=900104, encodeId=a48090010420, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f75864300e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致幻剂#</a>能治疗<a href='/topic/show?id=bdb78016436' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#老年性痴呆#</a>?传统中药如<a href='/topic/show?id=212ae328610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#石菖蒲#</a>,<a href='/topic/show?id=ad1b1040340f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益智仁#</a>,细辛,其中也有一些具有致幻的成份,或刺激神经的作用,因此,往往用于老年性痴呆,或<a href='/topic/show?id=2e6c10403571' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失智#</a>的治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=183, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86430, encryptionId=6f75864300e, topicName=致幻剂), TopicDto(id=80164, encryptionId=bdb78016436, topicName=老年性痴呆), TopicDto(id=73286, encryptionId=212ae328610, topicName=石菖蒲), TopicDto(id=104034, encryptionId=ad1b1040340f, topicName=益智仁), TopicDto(id=104035, encryptionId=2e6c10403571, topicName=失智)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Wed Nov 18 09:47:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048686, encodeId=ce9d104868638, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Sat Nov 14 13:50:07 CST 2020, time=2020-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-11-18 智慧医人

    #致幻剂#能治疗#老年性痴呆#?传统中药如#石菖蒲##益智仁#,细辛,其中也有一些具有致幻的成份,或刺激神经的作用,因此,往往用于老年性痴呆,或#失智#的治疗

    0

  7. [GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2089130, encodeId=383a20891308d, content=学习, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=28, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://img.medsci.cn/20211111/81c0b64745c644319545ec26d7ef0b34/9ddb2864d5df4dd9bf4305e380bffc96.jpg, createdBy=c7835705079, createdName=屋顶瞄爱赏月, createdTime=Mon Sep 19 23:02:53 CST 2022, time=2022-09-19, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1753565, encodeId=19071e535652d, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6a57e33772b' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#研究发现#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=36, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=73377, encryptionId=6a57e33772b, topicName=研究发现)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=7e1736602208, createdName=hanhaisha2020, createdTime=Mon Jan 18 10:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-01-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=2067524, encodeId=0809206e524e4, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=d0841e75535' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Transl#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=35, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17755, encryptionId=d0841e75535, topicName=Transl)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=https://thirdqq.qlogo.cn/qqapp/101173734/363C99735735B7F4CB11D5F78F580525/100, createdBy=aab22500211, createdName=ms3025846204744509, createdTime=Sat Jul 31 13:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-07-31, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1792194, encodeId=e4c51e9219490, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=696a14818df' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#Psychiatry#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=29, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=14818, encryptionId=696a14818df, topicName=Psychiatry)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=c192448, createdName=diushouji, createdTime=Thu Apr 08 03:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-04-08, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1657382, encodeId=9e08165e382a9, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=3ca31e71903' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#TRA#</a>, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=24, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=17719, encryptionId=3ca31e71903, topicName=TRA)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=757b24868428, createdName=bsmagic9140, createdTime=Sat May 01 01:50:07 CST 2021, time=2021-05-01, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=900104, encodeId=a48090010420, content=<a href='/topic/show?id=6f75864300e' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#致幻剂#</a>能治疗<a href='/topic/show?id=bdb78016436' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#老年性痴呆#</a>?传统中药如<a href='/topic/show?id=212ae328610' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#石菖蒲#</a>,<a href='/topic/show?id=ad1b1040340f' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#益智仁#</a>,细辛,其中也有一些具有致幻的成份,或刺激神经的作用,因此,往往用于老年性痴呆,或<a href='/topic/show?id=2e6c10403571' target=_blank style='color:#2F92EE;'>#失智#</a>的治疗, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=183, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[TopicDto(id=86430, encryptionId=6f75864300e, topicName=致幻剂), TopicDto(id=80164, encryptionId=bdb78016436, topicName=老年性痴呆), TopicDto(id=73286, encryptionId=212ae328610, topicName=石菖蒲), TopicDto(id=104034, encryptionId=ad1b1040340f, topicName=益智仁), TopicDto(id=104035, encryptionId=2e6c10403571, topicName=失智)], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=, createdBy=a12645, createdName=智慧医人, createdTime=Wed Nov 18 09:47:00 CST 2020, time=2020-11-18, status=1, ipAttribution=), GetPortalCommentsPageByObjectIdResponse(id=1048686, encodeId=ce9d104868638, content=老年人痴呆何药可用??, beContent=null, objectType=article, channel=null, level=null, likeNumber=54, replyNumber=0, topicName=null, topicId=null, topicList=[], attachment=null, authenticateStatus=null, createdAvatar=null, createdBy=f0620, createdName=junJUN, createdTime=Sat Nov 14 13:50:07 CST 2020, time=2020-11-14, status=1, ipAttribution=)]
    2020-11-14 junJUN

    老年人痴呆何药可用??

    0

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