欧洲心脏病学会:补充鱼油或与心律失常有关

2021-04-30 K.K MedSci原创

在血浆甘油三酯较高和心血管风险较高的患者中,补充O3FA与房颤的风险增加有关。

心房颤动(简称房颤,AF)是最常见的持续性心律失常,它与高发病率和高死亡率有关。在临床实践中,ω-3脂肪酸(O3FA)补充剂常常被用来降低患者的甘油三酯。然而,安全性一直受到质疑,根据补充O3FA的心血管结果试验显示,与安慰剂相比,房颤有可能增加。

4月28日,欧洲心脏病学会(ESC)发表在《European Heart Journal—Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy》上的研究称Omega-3补充剂与高血脂患者发生房颤的可能性增加有关。

 

Marco Lombardi et al, Omega-3 fatty acids supplementation and risk of atrial fibrillation: an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials,European Heart Journal - Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy(2021).DOI: 10.1093/ehjcvp/pvab008

 

这项随机对照的荟萃分析中,研究人员研究了,与安慰剂相比,补充O3FA是否与房颤风险的增加有关?

在随机效应模型中,与安慰剂相比,补充O3FA与发生房颤的风险增加有关

通过敏感性分析证实了,与安慰剂相比,O3FA补充剂组的房颤风险较高[IRR 1.29,95% CI(1.13-1.48),P = 0.0002] 。具体来说,接受O3FA补充剂治疗处于高危额人群、或患有心血管疾病及甘油三酯较高的人群,房颤事件的发生率明显更高。

据了解,在心血管和血浆甘油三酯较高的患者中,O3FA补充剂已被用来降低CVD和CVD相关死亡率。然而,在心血管获益方面并不一致;在REDUCE-IT试验中,高剂量的O3FA补充与高纯度的鱼油衍生药物有关,心血管风险明显降低。相反,一项STRENGTH试验,采用相同剂量的O3FA补充剂,且含有二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的配方,对心血管没有影响。

尽管补充O3FA对复合CV终点的积极影响并不一致,但大多数试验都与房颤发生的风险增加有关。在REDUCE-IT3试验中,接受鱼油衍生药物的患者发生房颤的风险明显增加,这在STRENGTH中得到进一步证实。

即使是较低剂量的O3FA补充剂也显示出增加房颤风险的潜在信号,这表明无论试验中实施的O3FA补充剂的剂量和对CV结果的潜在相关益处如何,O3FA补充剂都可能增加房颤风险。

事实上,O3FA先前已被证明可稳定心膜,从而对心律失常(包括室性心律失常)产生保护作用。然而,一些研究报告称,接受O3FA治疗的患者术后房颤几率较高。

由于所研究的随访情况不同,研究人员选择了发病率比(IRR)和95%置信区间(CI)作为结果测量。研究之间没有明显的统计学异质性,也没有发表偏倚。

这项研究有一些局限性,如缺乏患者出血风险数据,研究人员进行了荟萃分析,没有考虑到患者的个人情况。此外,试验中的安慰剂组不尽相同,但没有发现结果的异质性等。

总之,在血浆甘油三酯较高和心血管风险较高的患者中,补充O3FA与房颤的风险增加有关。这表明,在这一人群中,开具O3FA补充剂处方时应考虑房颤的风险。

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    2021-09-11 qblt
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    2021-05-04 叶宁

    了解

    0

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