J Thorac Oncol:免疫治疗相关的早期不良反应可以预测Nivolumab的疗效

2017-11-05 肿瘤资讯编辑部 肿瘤资讯

近年来,免疫治疗引发了晚期NSCLC治疗的重大变革,关于免疫治疗的疗效预测因子一直是研究的热点。既往一些回顾性分析提示,免疫治疗相关的不良反应可以预测免疫治疗的疗效。近期,发布在JTO的一项队列研究,前瞻性的评估了免疫治疗相关的早期不良反应和Nivolumab疗效的关系。

近年来,免疫治疗引发了晚期NSCLC治疗的重大变革,关于免疫治疗的疗效预测因子一直是研究的热点。既往一些回顾性分析提示,免疫治疗相关的不良反应可以预测免疫治疗的疗效。近期,发布在JTO的一项队列研究,前瞻性的评估了免疫治疗相关的早期不良反应和Nivolumab疗效的关系。

背景

免疫检查点抑制剂(Immune checkpoint inhibitors,ICIs),包括PD-1/PD-L1抑制剂,通过重新激活患者体内的免疫细胞来杀伤肿瘤。基于ICIs特殊的作用机理,临床使用时会引发炎症相关的副作用,成为免疫相关不良事件(immune-related

adverse events,irAEs)。IrAEs不同于传统的系统性治疗的,目前认为irAEs主要有T细胞介导,出现时间和受累的器官不定,目前常见的irAEs包括:皮肤反应(皮疹和瘙痒),胃肠道反应(腹泻和结肠炎),肝炎,内分泌系统疾病,肺炎,肾功能损害等。通常这些不良事件都是比较轻度的,然而,偶尔也会有严重不良事件报道。

既往一些回顾性的研究提示,在黑色素瘤患者中,出现irAEs与ICIs的持续疗效和临床获益相关。在NSCLC患者中,近期一些研究报道提示,皮肤的irAEs和免疫相关的甲状腺功能受损与ICIs的临床获益有关。然而既往还没有前瞻性的临床研究,在NSCLC患者中评估irAEs与患者接受ICIs治疗疗效的关系。本研究旨在NSCLC患者中,前瞻性的探索早期irAEs与nivolumab疗效的关系。

方法

这是一个前瞻性的队列研究,主要目的在于评估开始nivolumab治疗2-6周内出现的irAEs与nivolumab临床疗效的关系。主要评估终点指标为无进展生存期(PFS),次要终点包括总生存期(OS),客观缓解率(ORR)和疾病控制率(DCR)。研究入组标准为:病例确诊为NSCLC患者;IIIB或IV期;既往接受过一线或以上的化疗;有可测量病灶;年龄20岁或以上;ECOG PS评分0-2分。排除既往接受过系统性糖皮质激素治疗,或其他免疫抑制药物或目前合并活动性自身免疫疾病的患者。

IrAEs的评价与既往的研究定义一致,即潜在需要使用免疫抑制药物或内分泌治疗药物敢于AE。包括发热,皮肤反应,内分泌反应,胃肠道反应,肝,淋巴结,神经系统,视觉,胰腺,肺和肾脏的irAEs。此外,为了降低偏倚,我们仅关注那些可以被肿瘤内科医生主观识别的irAEs。所有患者的标本同时进行了PD-l1表达检测,采用IHC 22C3抗体,阳性肿瘤细胞比例>1%定义为PD-L1表达阳性。

结果

2016年1月至12日,在神户市医疗中心综合医院共43例NSCLC患者接受了nivolumab治疗。患者入组流程图如下。



图1. 患者入组流程图

1. 临床特征分析

43例患者中,男性和女性分别为27例和16例,中位年龄为70岁(范围50-82)。按患者有无出现早期irAEs分组,在开始免疫治疗2周后评估irAEs,结果显示,治疗2周内出现irAEs的患者和没有出现irAE的患者,临床特征没有差异。两组的临床特征总结见下表。共19例患者在治疗开始的2周内出现irAEs,包括皮疹(28%),瘙痒(14%),腹泻(9%)和肝酶升高(2%)。没有患者报告有3-4度的irAEs,且2周内出现irAEs的患者,没有因为AE而停药。



表:2周内出现irAE和没有出现irAE的患者临床特征对比。


研究者同时比较了治疗6周后评估出现irAE的患者和没有出现irAE的患者,结果显示6周后出现irAE的患者更年轻(P=0.03)。6周后评估出现irAE的患者27例,包括皮疹(35%),腹泻(21%),瘙痒(16%),肝酶升高(9%),甲亢(2%),胃炎(2%)。2例(5%)患者出现3度皮疹,接受皮质醇激素治疗后缓解。

2. PD-L1表达和nivolumab的疗效

比较不同PD-L1表达状态的患者接受nivolumab治疗的疗效。结果显示,PD-L1阳性的患者较PD-L1阴性的患者,ORR显着更高,分别为50% vs 6%(p<0.01);mPFS显着更长,分别为7.7个月(95%CI:1.5-NR)和2.1个月(95%CI:1.2-5.5),P=0.01。在PD-L1>50%的患者中,nivolumab的疗效显着更高,ORR为75%,mPFS尚未达到。

3.是否出现irAE和临床疗效的关系

是否出现irAE的患者,DCR和ORR总结见下表2。在开始nivolumab治疗2周内出现irAEs的患者,接受nivolumab治疗的ORR和DCR显着更高,分别为74% vs 29%(P<0.01)和37% vs 17%(P=0.17)。对比6周内是否出现irAEs的患者,观察到同样的趋势,出现irAE的患者ORR和DCR更高,分别为59% vs 31%(P=0.12)和33% vs 13%(P=0.17)。疗效总结见下表2.



表2. 出现irAEs和没有出现irAEs的患者疗效对比


此外,2周内出现irAEs的患者,接受nivolumab治疗的PFS显着更长,6.4个月 vs 1.5个月,P=0.01。图2A(2周内)和图3 A(6周内)显示出现和不出现irAE患者的PFS对比。



图2. 2周内出现irAE和没有出现irAE患者的PFS对比



图3. 6周内出现irAE和没有出现irAE患者的PFS对比

4. 不同irAE类型和临床疗效的关系

2周内出现皮疹和瘙痒的患者,接受nivolumab治疗的PFS更长,中位PFS分别为未达到 vs 1.6个月(P=0.01,图2B)和未达到 vs 2.1个月(P=0.12,图2C);相反是否出现腹泻,与nivolumab的PFS无关,mPFS分别为1.9个月 vs 2.5个月(P=0.63,图D)。在6周内出现irAE的患者中,也观察到相似的趋势。皮疹和腹泻与更长的PFS相关,分别为5.5个月 vs 1.9个月(P=0.08,图3B)和6.4个月 vs 2.1个月(P=0.26,图3C),而腹泻和肝酶升高不能预测更长的PFS,分别为分别为2.6个月 vs 2.4个月(P=0.86,图3D)和1.4个月 vs 2.6个月(P=0.10)。

此外,治疗后2周内出现皮疹或瘙痒的患者,与更好的缓解率相关(DCR:81% vs 30%,P<0.01;ORR:44% vs 15%,P=0.07),PFS显着更长,未达到 vs 1.5个月(P<0.001);mOS分别为未达到 vs 5.4个月(P=0.04)。在治疗后6周内出现皮疹或瘙痒的患者,也观察到相似的现象,DCR分别为65% vs 35%,P=0.07;ORR:35% vs 17%,P=0.29;mPFS分别未5.5个月 vs 1.5个月(P=0.02),mOS分别为未达到和2.6个月(P=0.05)。

结论和讨论

本研究是第一个前瞻性的研究,在NSCLC患者中评估irAEs和nivolumab治疗疗效的关系。其中,早期出现皮疹和瘙痒是nivolumab疗效的强效预测因子。后续,关于irAEs可以预示nivolumab疗效的机制还有待进一步明确。

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    2018-04-22 snf701207
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    2018-07-08 tamgche
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    2017-12-17 minlingfeng
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    2018-10-02 yyj062
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    2017-11-07 Jianghuiqin

    思路不错~

    0

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